Gabatarwa zuwa Matsi Hatimin bawuloli
Matsi Hatimin Valves
Ana ɗaukar ginin hatimin matsi don Valves don sabis na matsa lamba, yawanci sama da mashaya 170. Siffa ta musamman game da hatimin matsa lamba Bonnet shine cewa haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar jiki-Bonnet yana inganta yayin da matsa lamba na ciki a cikin Valve ya karu, idan aka kwatanta da sauran gine-gine inda karuwa a cikin matsa lamba na ciki ya haifar da raguwa a cikin haɗin gwiwa na Bonnet.
Tsarin hatimin matsin lamba
- A / B - Halin Bonnet don motsawa sama ko ƙasa yayin da matsa lamba ya canza
- C - Tsarin tsarin
- D - Ƙarfin rufewa saboda matsa lamba
Mafi girman matsa lamba na ciki, mafi girma ƙarfin rufewa. Ana samun sauƙin tarwatsewa ta hanyar jefar da taron Bonnet zuwa cikin rami na jiki da fitar da zoben tuntuɓar kashi huɗu ta hanyar tura fil.
Dogaro da ƙa'idodin ƙira masu sauƙi masu sauƙi, matsi hatimin Valves sun tabbatar da ikonsu don ɗaukar ƙarin buƙatun burbushin halittu da aikace-aikacen keɓewar tururi, yayin da masu zanen kaya ke ci gaba da tura tukunyar jirgi, HRSG, da bututun tsarin matsa lamba / ambulan zafin jiki. Matsakaicin hatimin bawul suna yawanci samuwa a cikin girman jeri daga inci 2 zuwa 24 inci da azuzuwan matsa lamba ASME B16.34 daga #600 zuwa #2500, kodayake wasu masana'antun na iya ɗaukar buƙatun manyan diamita da ƙimar ƙima don aikace-aikace na musamman.
Matsakaicin hatimin bawul suna samuwa a cikin halaye masu yawa kamar A105 ƙirƙira da simintin gyare-gyare na Gr.WCB, gami da F22 jabun da simintin Gr.WC9; F11 jabu da simintin gyare-gyare na Gr.WC6, austenitic bakin F316 jabun da simintin Gr.CF8M; fiye da 500°C, F316H ƙirƙira da makin simintin gyare-gyare masu dacewa.
Manufar ƙirar hatimin matsin lamba za a iya komawa zuwa tsakiyar 1900s, lokacin da, fuskantar matsin lamba da yanayin zafi koyaushe (musamman a aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki), masana'antun Valve sun fara zayyana hanyoyin da za su dace da tsarin bolted-Bonnet na gargajiya don rufe haɗin gwiwa na jiki / Bonnet. . Tare da samar da mafi girman matakin matsi na hatimin hatimin hatimi, yawancin ƙirar matsi na Valve sun yi nauyi ƙasa da takwarorinsu na Bonnet Valve.
Bolted Bonnets vs. Matsa lamba Seals
Don ƙarin fahimtar manufar ƙira hatimin matsin lamba, bari mu bambanta tsarin hatimin jiki-zuwa-Bonnet tsakanin Bonnets da aka toshe da hatimin matsa lamba.Hoto 1yana kwatanta bawul ɗin Bonnet na yau da kullun. Flange na jiki da Bonnet flange suna haɗuwa da studs da kwayoyi, tare da gasket na ƙira mai dacewa / kayan da aka saka tsakanin fuskokin flange don sauƙaƙe rufewa. An ɗora ingarma/kwaya/kumburi zuwa madaidaitan magudanar ruwa a cikin tsari wanda masana'anta suka ayyana don tasiri mafi kyawun hatimi. Duk da haka, yayin da matsa lamba na tsarin ya karu, yiwuwar yaduwa ta hanyar haɗin jiki / Bonnet yana ƙaruwa.
Yanzu bari mu kalli haɗin hatimin matsa lamba daki-daki a cikiHoto 2Kula da bambance-bambance a cikin daidaitawar haɗin gwiwa na jiki/Bonnet. Yawancin ƙirar hatimin matsa lamba sun haɗa da "Bonnet ɗaukar bolts" don cire Bonnet sama da hatimi a kan gas ɗin hatimin matsa lamba. Wannan kuma yana haifar da hatimi tsakanin gasket da dia na ciki (ID) na jikin bawul.
Zoben matsawa yanki yana kula da kaya. Kyawawan ƙirar hatimin matsa lamba shine cewa yayin da tsarin tsarin ke haɓaka, haka ma nauyi akan Bonnet kuma, daidai da gasket ɗin hatimin matsa lamba. Sabili da haka, a cikin hatimin matsi na Valves, yayin da matsa lamba na tsarin ya karu, yuwuwar yaduwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na jiki / Bonnet yana raguwa.
Wannan tsarin ƙirar yana da fa'idodi daban-daban akan ƙwanƙwasa Bonnet Valves a cikin babban tururi, ruwan abinci, turbine bypass, da sauran tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki da ke buƙatar Valves waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar ƙalubalen da ke tattare da aikace-aikacen matsa lamba da zafin jiki.
Amma a cikin shekaru da yawa, yayin da matsin lamba / yanayin aiki ya karu, kuma tare da zuwan tsire-tsire masu girma, wannan matsa lamba na tsarin wucin gadi wanda ke taimakawa wajen rufewa shima ya yi barna tare da amincin hatimin haɗin gwiwa.
Matsi Hatimin Gasket
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko da ke da hannu wajen rufe hatimin matsa lamba Valve shine gasket kanta. An ƙera gaskets ɗin hatimin farko daga ƙarfe ko ƙarfe mai laushi. Waɗannan gaskets ɗin an yi su da azurfa daga baya don cin gajiyar ikon ɗimbin abin da ya fi sauƙi don samar da hatimi mai ƙarfi. Sakamakon matsin lamba da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin hydrotest na Valve, an ɗauki “saitin” (ko nakasar bayanin martabar gasket) tsakanin Bonnet da gasket. Saboda maƙasudin ɗaukar nauyin Bonnet da matsi hatimin haɗin gwiwa na haɗin gwiwa, yuwuwar Bonnet don motsawa da karya wannan "saitin" lokacin da matsin lamba ya karu / raguwa ya wanzu, tare da zubar da haɗin gwiwa na jiki / Bonnet sakamakon.
Ana iya kawar da wannan matsala yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da al'adar "zafi mai zafi" Bonnet ɗaukar bolts bayan tsarin matsa lamba da daidaita yanayin zafi, amma yana buƙatar ma'aikatan kula da mai shi / mai amfani don yin haka bayan fara shuka. Idan ba a bi wannan aikin ba, yuwuwar yayyo ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na jiki / Bonnet ya wanzu, wanda zai iya lalata gask ɗin hatimin matsa lamba, Bonnet da / ko ID na jikin Valve, da kuma haifar da matsaloli masu rikitarwa da rashin inganci waɗanda zubar tururi zai iya samun kan ayyukan shuka. Sakamakon haka, masu zanen Valve sun ɗauki matakai da yawa don magance wannan matsalar.
Hoto 2 yana nuna haɗuwa da ƙwanƙolin ɗaukar nauyi na Bonnet mai rai (don haka ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi akan gasket, rage girman yuwuwar yayyo) da maye gurbin baƙin ƙarfe / ƙarfe mai laushi, gas ɗin matsi na azurfa tare da wanda aka yi da mutu- kafa graphite. Za a iya shigar da ƙirar gasket ɗin da aka nuna a hoto na 3 a cikin hatimin hatimin matsi da aka kawo a baya tare da gasket na gargajiya. Zuwan graphite gaskets ya ƙara ƙarfafa dogaro da aikin matsin hatimin Valve a yawancin aikace-aikace har ma da farawa / dakatar da zagayowar yau da kullun.
Kodayake yawancin masana'antun har yanzu suna ba da shawarar "zafin zafi," yuwuwar yayyo lokacin da ba a yi hakan ba ya ragu sosai. Wuraren zama a cikin hatimin matsi na Valves, kamar yadda yake a yawancin masana'antar wutar lantarki Valves, ana ɗaukar nauyin, kwatankwacin magana, babban nauyin wurin zama. Ana kiyaye mutuncin wurin zama a matsayin aikin jujjuyawar machining akan sassan sassa, hanyoyin samar da buƙatun buƙatun buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen kayan aiki ko kunnawa, da zaɓi / aikace-aikacen kayan da suka dace don wuraren zama.
Ana amfani da cobalt, nickel, da ƙarfe na tushen ƙarfe don juriya mafi kyawun juriya na wedge/faifai da saman wurin zama na zobe. Mafi yawan amfani da su sune kayan CoCr-A (misali, Stelite). Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan tare da matakai daban-daban, ciki har da arc karfe mai kariya, gas karfe arc, gas tungsten arc, da plasma (canjawa) arc. Yawancin hatimin matsi na Globe Valves an ƙera su suna da kujeru masu taurin fuska, yayin da Ƙofar Valve da Check Valves yawanci suna da zoben wurin zama masu tauri waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin jikin Valve.
Valving terminology
Idan kun yi ma'amala da valving na kowane tsawon lokaci, tabbas kun lura masana'antun Valve ba su wuce gona da iri ba tare da sharuɗɗan da harshe da ake amfani da su a cikin kasuwancin. Ɗauki misali, "Bonnet Valves." An kulle jiki zuwa Bonnet don kiyaye amincin tsarin. Don "matsi hatimin Valves," matsa lamba na tsarin yana taimakawa tsarin rufewa. Don "tsayawa / Duba Valves," lokacin da tushen Valve yana cikin rufaffiyar wuri, ana dakatar da kwarara ta hanyar injiniya, amma lokacin da yake cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri, diski yana da 'yanci don yin aiki don bincika jujjuyawar kwarara. Wannan ƙa'ida ɗaya ta shafi sauran kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don ƙira, da nau'ikan Valve da sassan su.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-11-2020