Nau'in Flanges
Nau'in Flange
Kamar yadda aka riga aka bayyana a baya, nau'ikan flange da aka fi amfani da su ASME B16.5 sune: Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange. A ƙasa za ku sami taƙaitaccen bayanin da ma'anar kowane nau'i, wanda aka kammala tare da cikakken hoto.
Yawancin nau'ikan flange na kowa
Welding Neck flange
Welding Neck Flanges suna da sauƙin ganewa a doguwar cibiya mai tsayi, wanda ke tafiya a hankali zuwa kaurin bango daga bututu ko dacewa.
Dogon cibiya mai tsayi tana ba da mahimmancin ƙarfafawa don amfani a aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da babban matsa lamba, ƙaramin sifili da / ko haɓakar yanayin zafi. Sauye-sauye mai sauƙi daga kauri daga flange zuwa bututu ko kaurin bango mai dacewa da taper ya yi yana da fa'ida sosai, ƙarƙashin yanayin maimaita lankwasawa, lalacewa ta hanyar faɗaɗa layin ko wasu ƙarfin canji.
Waɗannan flanges sun gundura don dacewa da diamita na ciki na bututun mating ko dacewa don haka ba za a sami ƙuntatawa kwararar samfur ba. Wannan yana hana tashin hankali a haɗin gwiwa kuma yana rage yashwa. Har ila yau, suna ba da kyakkyawar rarraba danniya ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen cibiya kuma ana sauƙaƙe su don gano kuskure.
Wannan nau'in flange za a yi masa walda zuwa bututu ko dacewa tare da cikakken shigarsa guda ɗaya, V weld (Buttweld).
Cikakkun bayanai na Welding Neck flange
1. Weld Neck flange2. Butt Weld
3. Bututu ko Daidaitawa
Zamewa A kan flange
Ƙarfin ƙididdigewa daga Slip On flange ƙarƙashin matsi na ciki shine na tsari na kashi biyu bisa uku na na walƙiya Neck flanges, kuma rayuwarsu a ƙarƙashin gajiya kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na na ƙarshe.
Ana haɗa haɗin tare da bututu tare da 2 fillet welds, da kuma a waje da kuma a cikin flange.
Ma'aunin X akan hoton, kusan:
Kauri bango na bututu + 3 mm.
Wannan sarari ya zama dole, don kada ya lalata fuskar flange, yayin aikin walda.
Rashin lahani na flange shine, wannan ƙa'idar koyaushe da farko dole ne a haɗa bututu sannan kuma kawai dacewa. Haɗin flange da gwiwar hannu ko flange da tee ba zai yiwu ba, saboda kayan aiki mai suna ba su da madaidaiciyar ƙarewa, wanda cikakke zamewa a cikin Slip On flange.
Cikakkun bayanai na Slip On flange
1. Zamewa A kan flange2. Cika weld a waje
3. Cikakken walda a ciki4. Bututu
Socket Weld flange
Socket Weld flanges an fara haɓaka su don amfani akan ƙananan bututun matsa lamba. Ƙarfin su na tsaye daidai yake da Slip On flanges, amma ƙarfin gajiyarsu 50% ya fi Slip-welded Akan flanges biyu.
Ana haɗa haɗin tare da bututu tare da 1 fillet weld, a waje na flange. Amma kafin waldawa, dole ne a samar da sarari tsakanin flange ko dacewa da bututu.
ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Shiri don Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly ya ce:
A cikin haɗuwa da haɗin gwiwa kafin waldawa, za a saka bututu ko bututu a cikin soket zuwa matsakaicin zurfin sa'an nan kuma cire kusan 1/16 "(1.6 mm) daga lamba tsakanin ƙarshen bututu da kafada na soket.
Dalilin ƙaddamarwar ƙasa a cikin Socket Weld yawanci shine don rage ragowar damuwa a tushen walda wanda zai iya faruwa yayin ƙarfafawar ƙarfen weld. Hoton yana nuna muku ma'aunin X don tazarar faɗaɗawa.
Rashin hasara na wannan flange shine daidai rata, wanda dole ne a yi. Ta samfuran lalata, kuma galibi a cikin tsarin bututun bakin karfe, tsagewar da ke tsakanin bututu da flange na iya ba da matsalolin lalata. A wasu matakai kuma ba a yarda da wannan flange. Ni ba gwani ba ne a cikin wannan al'amari, amma a kan intanet, za ku sami bayanai da yawa game da siffofin lalata.
Hakanan ga wannan flange yana ƙidayar, wannan ƙa'idar koyaushe dole ne a fara walda bututu sannan kuma kawai dacewa.
Cikakkun bayanai na Socket Weld Flange
1. Socket Weld flange2. Cikakken walda3. Bututu
X= Fadada tazarar
Lap Joint flange
Lap Joint Flanges suna da kowane nau'i na gama gari kamar kowane flange mai suna akan wannan shafin duk da haka ba shi da fuska mai tasowa, an yi amfani da su tare da "Lap Joint Stub End".
Waɗannan flanges sun yi kusan kama da Slip On flange ban da radius a tsakar fuskar flange da guntun don ɗaukar ɓangaren ɓarna na Ƙarshen Stub.
Ƙarfin riƙewar su kaɗan ne, idan akwai, mafi kyau fiye da na Slip On flanges kuma rayuwar gajiyar taron ita ce kashi ɗaya kawai na goma na flanges na Welding Neck.
Ana iya amfani da su a kowane matsi kuma ana samun su a cikin cikakken girman kewayon. Wadannan flanges suna zamewa a kan bututun, kuma ba a welded ko aka ɗaure su da shi ba. Ana watsa matsin lamba zuwa ga gasket ta matsin lamba na flange akan bayan cinyar bututu (Stub End).
Lap Joint flanges suna da wasu fa'idodi na musamman:
- 'Yancin jujjuyawa a kusa da bututu yana sauƙaƙe jeri na ramukan kusoshi na flange.
- Rashin tuntuɓar ruwa a cikin bututu sau da yawa yana ba da izinin amfani da flanges na ƙarfe na carbon mara tsada tare da bututu mai jure lalata.
- A cikin tsarin da ke lalacewa ko lalacewa da sauri, ana iya ceton filaye don sake amfani da su.
Cikakken Bayanin Flange Joint Flange
1. Lap Joint flange2. Ƙarshen Ƙarshe
3. Tushen walda4. Bututu ko Daidaitawa
Ƙarshen Ƙarshe
Za a yi amfani da Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Koyaushe tare da Haɗin Haɗin gwiwa na Lap, azaman flange mai goyan baya.
Ana amfani da wannan haɗin flange, a cikin ƙananan matsi da aikace-aikace marasa mahimmanci, kuma hanya ce mai arha ta flanging.
A cikin tsarin bututu na bakin karfe, alal misali, ana iya amfani da flange na ƙarfe na carbon, saboda ba su haɗu da samfurin a cikin bututu ba.
Stub Ends suna samuwa a kusan duk diamita na bututu. An bayyana ma'auni da juriya mai girma a cikin ma'aunin ASME B.16.9. Ƙarshen Stub Ƙarshen (kayan ɗaki) mai ɗaukar nauyi mai sauƙi an bayyana shi a cikin MSS SP43.
Lap Joint Flange tare da Ƙarshen Stub
Flange mai zare
Ana amfani da Flanges masu zare don yanayi na musamman tare da babban fa'idarsu shine ana iya haɗa su da bututu ba tare da walda ba. Wani lokaci kuma ana amfani da weld ɗin hatimi tare da haɗin zaren.
Ko da yake har yanzu ana samun su a mafi yawan girma da ƙimar matsa lamba, ƙulla kayan aiki a yau ana amfani da su kusan a cikin ƙananan girman bututu.
Flange mai launi ko dacewa bai dace da tsarin bututu tare da kauri na bango na bakin ciki ba, saboda yanke zaren akan bututu ba zai yiwu ba. Don haka, dole ne a zaɓi kauri mai kauri… menene ya fi kauri?
Jagorar bututun ASME B31.3 ya ce:
Inda aka zare bututun ƙarfe kuma ana amfani dashi don sabis ɗin tururi sama da 250 psi ko don sabis na ruwa sama da 100 psi tare da yanayin ruwa sama da 220 ° F, bututun zai zama mara kyau kuma yana da kauri aƙalla daidai da jadawalin 80 na ASME B36.10.
Cikakkun bayanai na Threaded flange
1. Flange mai zare2. Zare3. Bututu ko Daidaitawa
Flange makafi
Ana kera Flanges makafi ba tare da gundura ba kuma ana amfani da su don cire ƙarshen bututun, Valves da buɗewar jirgin ruwa.
Daga ma'aunin matsa lamba na ciki da ɗora kayan kwalliya, flanges makafi, musamman a cikin manyan girma, sune nau'ikan flange mafi tsananin damuwa.
Duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan matsalolin suna lankwasawa nau'ikan kusa da cibiyar, kuma tun da babu daidaitattun cikin diamita, waɗannan flanges sun dace da aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mafi girma.
Cikakkun bayanai na flange makafi
1. Flange makafi2. Stud Bolt3. Gasket4. Wasu flange
Bayanin Mawallafin…
Hanya mai sauƙi don yin tazarar 1/16 ″…
- Shin kun taɓa ganin zoben haɗin gwiwa na Socket Weld?.
Raga zobe ne wanda aka ƙera shi kuma an ƙirƙira shi don ba da mafi ƙarancin gibi 1/16 ″ da aka riga aka auna don welds soket. Anyi daga ƙwararren bakin karfe, kuma yana ƙin lalata daga sinadarai, kayan rediyo da ruwa. Da zarar an shigar da zoben a cikin abin da ya dace, zoben ya zama yanki na dindindin na haɗin gwiwa. Ba zai yi rawar jiki ko girgiza ba ko da a cikin matsanancin matsin lamba.
Wata hanyar ita ce yin amfani da katako a cikin ruwa mai narkewa. Yi zobe tare da naushin rami tare da waje da diamita na bututu. Saka zobe a cikin flange ko dacewa kuma bayan yin amfani da ruwa babu wani zobe kuma.
Don mafita guda biyu, nemi izini abokin ciniki.
Rike su a inda yake…
- Idan haɗin flanged na Lap Joint dole ne a tarwatse, misali don maye gurbin gasket, ba koyaushe zai yiwu a yi hakan bisa ga al'ada ba. Hanya ta al'ada ita ce amfani da mai shimfiɗa flange ko ƙwanƙwasa wanda ya ture flanges biyu.
Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa wanda ba zai yiwu ba, saboda waɗannan suna zamewa a kan bututun, yayin da Stub Ends ke zama tare. Don hana hakan, galibi suna kan wurare 3, milimita ɗaya a bayan flange, akan Ƙarshen Stub, gajerun sassa lebur karfe, za a welded.
Babu wata ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya ta yadda dole ne a riƙe flange na haɗin gwiwa a kan wurin sa, don haka yana iya karkata kowane takamaiman abokin ciniki.
Kun san haka…?
- A mafi ƙanƙanta girma, adadin bangon da aka ɓace yayin zaren a zahiri ya kai kusan 55% na ainihin bangon bututu.
Butt welds vs Fillet welds
- A cikin tsarin tare da matsananciyar matsa lamba da yanayin zafi, muna buƙatar kauce wa yin amfani da walda na fillet. Butt welds, a cikin irin waɗannan tsarin dole ne a yi amfani da su. Ƙarfin walƙiyar gindi shine aƙalla ƙarfin kayan tushe. Ƙarfin weld ɗin fillet mai alaƙa da ƙarfin butt weld, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku ne.
A matsanancin matsin lamba da yanayin zafi, haɓakawa da haɓakawa ya haifar da sauri don fashewa mai tsanani a cikin waldawar fillet kuma sabili da haka yin amfani da walƙiya na butt yana da mahimmanci.
Don isar da injuna masu mahimmanci irin su famfo, compressors da turbines, waɗanda ke fuskantar girgiza (ban da haɓakawa da haɓakawa), yakamata mu guji yin amfani da walda na fillet ko haɗin zaren.
Welds na fillet suna da mafi girman hankali ga tsagewa saboda maida hankali, yayin da welds ɗin gindi suna da alaƙa da musayar tashin hankali.
Don haka, don yanayi masu mahimmanci, dole ne mu yi amfani da flanges da aka haɗa ta hanyar waldawa kamar nau'in walda da nau'in zobe, da kuma guje wa amfani da flanges da aka haɗa ta hanyar waldar fillet kamar Slip On ko Socket Weld.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2020