Menene Valves?

Valves sune na'urorin inji waɗanda ke sarrafa kwarara da matsa lamba a cikin tsari ko tsari. Su ne muhimman sassa na tsarin bututu wanda ke isar da ruwa, gas, tururi, slurries da sauransu.

Akwai nau'ikan bawuloli daban-daban: ƙofar, globe, toshe, ball, malam buɗe ido, dubawa, diaphragm, tsunkule, taimako na matsa lamba, bawul ɗin sarrafawa da sauransu. Wasu bawuloli suna sarrafa kansu yayin da wasu da hannu ko tare da mai kunnawa ko na'urar numfashi ko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.

Ayyuka daga Valves sune:

• Tsayawa da farawa kwarara
• Rage ko ƙara kwarara
• Sarrafa hanyar kwarara
• Daidaita kwarara ko matsa lamba
• Sauke tsarin bututu na wani matsi

Akwai ƙirar bawul da yawa, nau'ikan da samfura, tare da aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa. Duk sun gamsar da ɗaya ko fiye na ayyukan da aka gano a sama. Valves abubuwa ne masu tsada, kuma yana da mahimmanci cewa an ƙayyade madaidaicin bawul don aikin, kuma dole ne a gina shi daga madaidaicin abu don ruwa mai tsari.

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, duk bawuloli suna da sassa na asali masu zuwa: jiki, bonnet, datsa ( abubuwa na ciki), mai kunnawa, da tattarawa. An kwatanta ainihin sassan bawul a hoton da ke hannun dama.

Bawul Jikin

Jikin bawul, wani lokaci ana kiransa harsashi, shine iyakar farko na bawul ɗin matsa lamba. Yana aiki a matsayin babban kashi na taron bawul domin shine tsarin da ke haɗa dukkan sassan tare.

Jiki, iyakar matsa lamba na farko na bawul, yana tsayayya da nauyin matsa lamba na ruwa daga haɗa bututu. Yana karɓar bututun shigarwa da fitarwa ta hanyar zaren zare, ƙulle, ko welded.

An ƙera ƙarshen bawul-jiki don haɗa bawul ɗin zuwa bututun ko bututun kayan aiki ta nau'ikan haɗin ƙare daban-daban, kamar butt ko soket welded, threaded ko flanged.

Ana jefar ko ƙirƙira jikin bawul ta nau'i-nau'i daban-daban kuma kowane sashi yana da takamaiman aiki kuma an gina shi a cikin kayan da ya dace da wannan aikin.

Valve Bonnet

Rufin don buɗewa a cikin jiki shine bonnet, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin iyaka na biyu na bawul ɗin matsa lamba. Kamar jikin bawul, bonnets suna cikin ƙira da ƙira da yawa akwai.

Bonnet yana aiki azaman murfi akan jikin bawul, an jefa ko ƙirƙira daga abu ɗaya da jiki. Yana yawanci haɗawa da jiki ta hanyar zaren zare, daure, ko welded. Lokacin kera bawul ɗin, abubuwan da ke cikin ciki, kamar su kara, faifai da sauransu, ana saka su cikin jiki sannan kuma an haɗa bonnet don haɗa dukkan sassa a ciki.

A duk lokuta, abin da aka makala na bonnet zuwa jiki ana ɗaukar iyakar matsa lamba. Wannan yana nufin cewa haɗin gwiwar walda ko ƙullun da ke haɗa bonnet zuwa jiki sassa ne masu riƙe da matsi. Valve bonnets, kodayake larura ce ga yawancin bawuloli, suna wakiltar dalilin damuwa. Bonnets na iya rikitar da kera bawuloli, ƙara girman bawul, wakiltar wani muhimmin yanki na farashi na farashin bawul, kuma tushen yuwuwar ɗigo.

Valve Trim

Abubuwan da ake cirewa da kuma maye gurbin bawul na cikiwadanda suka yi mu’amala da magudanar ruwa ana kiransu da sunanBawul datsa. Waɗannan sassan sun haɗa da wurin zama (s), diski, gland, masu sarari, jagora, bushings, da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ciki. Jikin bawul, bonnet, shiryawa, et cetera waɗanda suma suka haɗu da matsakaicin kwarara ba a la'akari da datsa bawul.

Ayyukan datsa na Valve ana ƙaddara ta hanyar faifan diski da wurin zama da alaƙar matsayin diski da wurin zama. Saboda datsa, motsi na asali da sarrafa kwarara yana yiwuwa. A cikin ƙirar datsa motsi na juyawa, faifan faifan yana zamewa kusa da wurin zama don samar da canji na buɗewar kwarara. A cikin ƙirar datsa motsi na layi, faifan yana ɗaga kai tsaye nesa da wurin zama ta yadda madaidaicin madaidaicin ya bayyana.

Za a iya gina sassan datsa Valve da kayan daban-daban saboda kaddarorin daban-daban da ake buƙata don jure yanayi daban-daban. Bushings da marufi ba sa samun ƙarfi da yanayi iri ɗaya kamar fayafai da wurin zama.

Matsakaicin kaddarorin masu gudana, abun da ke tattare da sinadarai, matsa lamba, zafin jiki, yawan kwarara, saurin gudu da danko wasu muhimman abubuwan da ake la'akari da su wajen zabar kayan datsa masu dacewa. Kayan datsa na iya zama ko a'a abu ɗaya da jikin bawul ko bonnet.

API 600 Valve's Trim No

Valve Disk da wurin zama (s)

Disk

Faifan shine sashin da ke ba da izini, matsewa, ko tsayawa gudana, ya danganta da matsayinsa. A cikin yanayin filogi ko bawul ɗin ball, ana kiran diski ɗin toshe ko ball. Disk shine mafi mahimmancin iyakar matsa lamba na uku. Tare da bawul ɗin rufewa, ana amfani da cikakken tsarin matsa lamba a fadin faifai, kuma saboda wannan dalili, faifan yana da alaƙa da matsa lamba.

Faifai yawanci ƙirƙira ne, kuma a wasu ƙira, suna da ƙarfi don samar da kayan sawa masu kyau. Yawancin bawuloli suna suna, ƙirar faifan su.

Kujeru (s)

Wurin zama ko zoben hatimi suna ba da wurin zama don faifan. Bawul na iya samun kujeru ɗaya ko fiye. A cikin yanayin globe ko swing-check valve, yawanci akwai wurin zama ɗaya, wanda ke samar da hatimi tare da diski don dakatar da gudana. Dangane da bawul ɗin ƙofar, akwai kujeru biyu; daya a gefen sama, ɗayan kuma a gefen ƙasa. Faifan bawul ɗin ƙofar yana da saman wurin zama guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗu da kujerun bawul don samar da hatimi don dakatar da kwarara.

Don inganta juriya na juriya na zoben hatimi, saman sau da yawa yana fuskantar wuya ta hanyar walda sa'an nan kuma yin amfani da fuskar lamba na zoben hatimi. Ƙarshen shimfidar wuri mai kyau na wurin zama yana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan hatimi lokacin da aka rufe bawul. Ba a yawanci la'akari da zoben hatimi na sassan iyaka na matsa lamba saboda jiki yana da isasshen kauri na bango don jure matsin ƙira ba tare da dogaro da kauri na zoben hatimi ba.

Bawul mai tushe

Tushen bawul yana ba da motsin da ake buƙata zuwa diski, filogi ko ƙwallon don buɗewa ko rufe bawul, kuma yana da alhakin daidaitaccen matsayi na diski. Ana haɗa shi da wheel wheel wheel, actuator, ko lever a gefe ɗaya kuma a wancan gefe zuwa faifan bawul. A cikin kofa ko globe valves, ana buƙatar motsi na layi na diski don buɗewa ko rufe bawul, yayin da a cikin toshe, ball da Butterfly valves, diski yana juyawa don buɗewa ko rufe bawul.

Tushen yawanci ƙirƙira ne, kuma ana haɗa su zuwa faifai ta hanyar zaren zare ko wasu dabaru. Don hana zubar ruwa, a cikin yanki na hatimi, kyakkyawan ƙarewar tushe ya zama dole.

Akwai nau'ikan bawul mai tushe guda biyar:

• Rising Stem tare da Waje Screw da Yoke
  Ana yin zaren waje na kara, yayin da ɓangaren tushe a cikin bawul ɗin yana da santsi. Zaren mai tushe an keɓe shi daga matsakaicin kwarara ta hanyar tattarawar kara. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri biyu na waɗannan ƙirar; daya da keken hannu a manne da karan, ta yadda za su iya tashi tare, dayan kuma da zaren hannun riga wanda ke sa karan ya tashi ta cikin keken hannu. Ana nuna irin wannan nau'in bawul ta “O. S. da Y." shine ƙirar gama gari don NPS 2 da manyan bawuloli.
• Rising Stem tare da Ciki Screw
  Sashin da aka zare na kara yana cikin jikin bawul, da kuma tattarawar tushe tare da sashin santsi wanda aka fallasa ga yanayin waje. A wannan yanayin, zaren tushe suna cikin hulɗa da matsakaicin kwarara. Lokacin da aka juya, kara da ƙafar hannu zasu tashi tare don buɗe bawul.
• Non Rising Stem with Inside Screw
  Sashin da aka zare na kara yana cikin bawul kuma baya tashi. Fayil ɗin bawul ɗin yana tafiya tare da kara, kamar goro idan aka juya. Zaren tushe suna fallasa zuwa matsakaicin kwarara, kuma kamar haka, ana fuskantar tasiri. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da wannan samfurin lokacin da sararin samaniya ya iyakance don ba da izinin motsi na layi, kuma matsakaicin kwarara ba ya haifar da lalacewa, lalata ko lalata kayan kara.
• Tushen Zamiya
  Wannan bawul din ba ya juyawa ko juyawa. Yana zamewa a ciki da fitar da bawul don buɗe ko rufe bawul ɗin. Ana amfani da wannan ƙira a cikin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen lefa mai aiki da hannu. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin bawuloli masu sarrafawa ana sarrafa su ta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ko silinda pneumatic.
• Rotary Tushen
  Wannan samfurin da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin ball, toshe, da bawul ɗin Butterfly. Motsin juyi kwata na kara buɗe ko rufe bawul.

A cikin babban Menu "Valves" zaku sami wasu hanyoyin haɗi zuwa cikakkun hotuna (manyan) hotuna na Rising da NON Rising Stem valves.

Bawul Stem Packing

Don ingantaccen hatimi tsakanin kara da bonnet, ana buƙatar gasket. Wannan shi ake kira Packing, kuma an sanya shi da misali kamar haka:

• Mabiyan gland, hannun riga wanda ke matsar da kayan, ta hanyar gland a cikin abin da ake kira akwatin shaƙewa.
• Gland, wani irin bushing, wanda ya matsa de packing a cikin akwatin shaƙewa.
• Akwatin kaya, ɗakin da aka matse kayan.
• Shiryawa, samuwa a cikin abubuwa da yawa, kamar Teflon®, kayan elastomeric, kayan fibrous da sauransu.
• Kujerar baya shine tsarin zama a cikin bonnet. Yana ba da hatimi tsakanin kara da bonnet kuma yana hana tsarin matsa lamba daga ginawa a kan fakitin bawul, lokacin da bawul ɗin ya buɗe. Ana amfani da kujerun baya sau da yawa a cikin kofa da bawul ɗin globe.

Wani muhimmin al'amari na lokacin rayuwar bawul shine taron rufewa. Kusan duk bawuloli, kamar daidaitaccen Ball, Globe, Ƙofar, Plug da bawuloli na Butterfly suna da haɗin hatimin su dangane da ƙarfin ƙarfi, gogayya da tsagewa.

Don haka marufi na bawul ɗin dole ne ya faru da kyau, don hana lalacewa ga tushe da asarar ruwa ko iskar gas. Lokacin da kaya yayi sako-sako da yawa, bawul ɗin zai zube. Idan marufi ya yi tsayi sosai, zai shafi motsi da yiwuwar lalacewa ga tushe.

Tukwici Mai Kulawa: 1. Yadda Ake Shigar da Gland

Tukwici Mai Kulawa: 2. Yadda Ake Shigar da Gland

Valve Yoke da Yoke Nut

Yoke

Yoke yana haɗa jikin bawul ko bonnet tare da injin kunnawa. Saman Yoke yana riƙe da goro na Yoke, ƙwaya mai tushe, ko bushing Yoke kuma bututun bawul ya ratsa ta. Yoke yawanci yana da buɗewa don ba da damar shiga akwatin shaƙewa, hanyoyin haɗin kai, da sauransu. A tsari, Yoke dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi don jure ƙarfi, lokaci, da karfin wuta wanda mai kunnawa ya haɓaka.

Yoke Kwaya

Yoke goro shine zaren zaren ciki kuma ana sanya shi a saman Yoke wanda kara ya wuce. A cikin bawul ɗin Ƙofa misali, Yoke goro yana juya kuma kara yana tafiya sama ko ƙasa. A cikin nau'in bawuloli na Globe, an gyara goro kuma ana juyar da kara ta cikinsa.

Valve Actuator

Bawuloli masu aiki da hannu galibi ana sanye su da abin hannu da aka makala a kan tushe na bawul ko Yoke nut wanda ake juyawa agogo baya ko kusa da agogo don rufe ko buɗe bawul. Globe da gate valves ana buɗewa kuma ana rufe su ta wannan hanya.

Bawuloli masu jujjuya hannu da hannu, kamar Ball, Plug ko Butterfly, suna da lefa don kunna bawul ɗin.

Akwai aikace-aikace inda ba zai yiwu ba ko kyawawa, don kunna bawul da hannu ta hannu ko lefa. Waɗannan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da:

• Manya-manyan bawuloli waɗanda dole ne a yi aiki da su a kan babban matsi na hydrostatic
• Bawuloli dole ne a sarrafa su daga wuri mai nisa
• Lokacin da lokacin buɗewa, rufewa, maƙura ko sarrafa bawul ɗin da hannu ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda ake buƙata ta tsarin ƙira.

Waɗannan bawuloli yawanci ana sanye da na'urar kunnawa.
Mai kunnawa a cikin ma'anar mafi faɗi shine na'urar da ke samar da linzamin kwamfuta da motsin juyawa na tushen wutar lantarki ƙarƙashin aikin tushen sarrafawa.

Ana amfani da na'urori na asali don buɗewa ko rufe cikakken bawul. Ana ba masu kunna wuta don sarrafawa ko daidaita bawul ɗin siginar sakawa don matsawa zuwa kowane matsakaici. Akwai nau'ikan actuators iri-iri da yawa, amma waɗannan sune wasu na'urorin kunna bawul da aka saba amfani da su:

• Gear Actuators
• Masu Motar Lantarki
• Masu aikin huhu
• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Actuators
• Solenoid Actuators

Don ƙarin bayani game da Actuators duba babban Menu “Valves”-Valve Actuators-

Rarraba Valves

Wadannan su ne wasu daga cikin rarrabuwar bawul da aka saba amfani da su, dangane da motsin injina:

• Motsi Motsi na Linear. Bawul ɗin da memba na rufewa, kamar a cikin ƙofar, globe, diaphragm, tsunkule, da ɗaga Duba Valves, yana motsawa cikin madaidaiciyar layi don ba da izini, tsayawa, ko matse magudanar ruwa.
• Rotary Motion Valves. Lokacin da memba mai rufe bawul ya yi tafiya tare da tafarki mai kusurwa ko madauwari, kamar a cikin malam buɗe ido, ball, plug, eccentric- da Swing Check Valves, ana kiran bawul ɗin rotary motsi bawul.
• Juya Kwata Kwata. Wasu bawul ɗin motsi na jujjuya suna buƙatar kusan juyi kwata, 0 zuwa 90°, motsin tushe don zuwa gabaɗaya daga rufaffiyar wuri ko akasin haka.

Rarraba Valves dangane da Motsi

Matsayin aji

Matsakaicin matsi-zazzabi na bawuloli an tsara su ta lambobin aji. ASME B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End yana daya daga cikin ka'idodin bawul ɗin da aka fi amfani dashi. Yana bayyana nau'ikan azuzuwan guda uku: daidaitaccen, na musamman, da iyakantacce. ASME B16.34 yana rufe Class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, da 4500 valves.

Takaitawa

A wannan shafin an ayyana wasu mahimman bayanai daga bawuloli.

Kamar yadda ka gani a cikin babban Menu "Valves", za ka iya samun kuma bayanai game da yawa da kuma sau da yawa amfani bawuloli a Petro da kuma sinadaran masana'antu.
Zai iya ba ku ra'ayi, da kyakkyawar fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan bawuloli daban-daban, da kuma yadda waɗannan bambance-bambancen ke shafar aikin bawul. Zai taimaka wa aikace-aikacen da ya dace na kowane nau'in bawul yayin ƙira da kuma amfani da kowane nau'in bawul yayin aiki.