Mavavu ndi chiyani?

Mavavu ndi zida zamakina zomwe zimayendetsa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga mkati mwa dongosolo kapena njira. Ndizigawo zofunika kwambiri zamapaipi omwe amatumiza madzi, mpweya, nthunzi, slurries etc..

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve ilipo: chipata, globe, pulagi, mpira, butterfly, cheke, diaphragm, pinch, mpumulo wa kupanikizika, ma valve olamulira ndi zina. Ma valve ena amadziyendetsa okha pomwe ena pamanja kapena ndi actuator kapena pneumatic kapena hydraulic amagwira ntchito.

Zochita za Valves ndi:

• Kuyimitsa ndi kuyamba kuyenda
• Kuchepetsa kapena kuonjezera kuyenda
• Kuwongolera komwe kumayendera
• Kuwongolera kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwa njira
• Chotsani kachitidwe ka chitoliro cha kuthamanga kwina

Pali mapangidwe ambiri a valve, mitundu ndi zitsanzo, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zamafakitale. Zonse zimakwaniritsa ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Mavavu ndi zinthu zodula, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti valavu yolondola itchulidwe kuti igwire ntchitoyo, ndipo iyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zolondola zamadzimadzi.

Mosasamala mtundu, mavavu onse ali ndi zigawo zotsatirazi: thupi, bonnet, trim (zinthu zamkati), actuator, ndi kulongedza. Zigawo zoyambira za vavu zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chakumanja.

Thupi la Vavu

Thupi la valve, lomwe nthawi zina limatchedwa chipolopolo, ndilo malire a valve yokakamiza. Amagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu cha msonkhano wa valve chifukwa ndi chimango chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mbali zonse.

Thupi, malire oyamba a valve, limalimbana ndi kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kuchokera pakulumikiza mapaipi. Imalandila mipope yolowera ndi yotuluka kudzera m'malo olumikizirana ulusi, ma bolts, kapena owotcherera.

Ma valve-body malekezero amapangidwa kuti azilumikiza valavu ku mapaipi kapena zida zopangira zida ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira kumapeto, monga matako kapena socket welded, ulusi kapena flanged.

Matupi a valve amaponyedwa kapena kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yake ndipo chimapangidwa muzinthu zoyenera kugwira ntchitoyo.

Bonnet ya Valve

Chophimba chotsegula m'thupi ndi boneti, ndipo ndi malire achiwiri ofunika kwambiri a valve yokakamiza. Monga matupi a valve, mabonati ali m'mapangidwe ambiri ndi zitsanzo zomwe zilipo.

Boneti imagwira ntchito ngati chivundikiro pa thupi la valve, imaponyedwa kapena kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo monga thupi. Nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi thupi polumikizana ndi ulusi, bolt, kapena welded. Pakupanga valavu, zigawo zamkati, monga tsinde, disk ndi zina, zimayikidwa m'thupi ndipo boneti imamangiriridwa kuti igwire ziwalo zonse mkati.

Nthawi zonse, kulumikizidwa kwa boneti ku thupi kumaonedwa ngati malire okakamiza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholumikizira chowotcherera kapena mabawuti omwe amalumikiza bonati ndi thupi ndi ziwalo zosunga mphamvu. Mabotolo a valve, ngakhale kuti ndizofunikira kwa ma valve ambiri, amaimira chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa. Mabokosi amatha kusokoneza kupanga mavavu, kukulitsa kukula kwa ma valve, kuyimira mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa ma valve, ndipo ndi gwero la kutayikira.

Kuchepetsa Vavu

The zochotseka ndi replaceable valavu mbali zamkatizomwe zimalumikizana ndi sing'anga yotaya zimatchedwa pamodziKuchepetsa ma valve. Zigawozi zimaphatikizapo mipando ya valve, disc, glands, spacers, guiders, bushings, ndi akasupe amkati. Thupi la valavu, boneti, kulongedza, ndi zina zomwe zimalumikizananso ndi sing'anga yothamanga sizimaganiziridwa kuti ndizochepa.

Kuwongolera kwa Valve kumatsimikiziridwa ndi disk ndi mawonekedwe a mpando komanso mgwirizano wa malo a disk ndi mpando. Chifukwa cha zochepetsera, zoyambira zoyambira ndi zowongolera zimatheka. M'mapangidwe ozungulira ozungulira, diski imatsetsereka pafupi ndi mpando kuti ipangitse kusintha kwamayendedwe. M'mapangidwe amtundu woyenda mozungulira, diskiyo imakwezedwa mozungulira kutali ndi mpando kotero kuti orifice ya annular iwonekere.

Zigawo zochepetsera ma valve zitha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika kupirira mphamvu ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Zotupa ndi zonyamula katundu sizikhala ndi mphamvu ndi mikhalidwe yofanana ndi ma disc a valve ndi mipando.

Mayendedwe apakati, mawonekedwe amankhwala, kuthamanga, kutentha, kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi kukhuthala ndi zina mwazinthu zofunika pakusankha zida zoyenera zochepetsera. Zida zochepetsera zitha kukhala kapena sizingakhale zofanana ndi thupi la valve kapena bonati.

API 600 Valve's Trim No

Disiki ya Vavu ndi Mpando(zi)

Disk

Diski ndi gawo lomwe limalola, kugwedeza, kapena kuyimitsa kuyenda, kutengera malo ake. Pankhani ya pulagi kapena valavu ya mpira, chimbalecho chimatchedwa pulagi kapena mpira. Diski ndiye gawo lachitatu lofunikira kwambiri pamalire oyambira. Ndi valve yotsekedwa, kupanikizika kwa dongosolo lonse kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diski, ndipo pachifukwa ichi, disk ndi gawo lokhudzana ndi kupanikizika.

Ma disks nthawi zambiri amapangidwa, ndipo m'mapangidwe ena, olimba kuti apereke katundu wabwino. Ma valve ambiri amatchulidwa, mapangidwe a disks awo.

Mpando

Mpando kapena mphete zosindikizira zimapereka malo okhala pa disk. Vavu ikhoza kukhala ndi mpando umodzi kapena zingapo. Pankhani ya globe kapena swing-check valve, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mpando umodzi, womwe umapanga chisindikizo ndi diski kuti asiye kutuluka. Pankhani ya valve pachipata, pali mipando iwiri; wina kumtunda, ndi wina kunsi kwa mtsinje. Chipata cha valve valve chili ndi malo awiri okhalamo omwe amalumikizana ndi mipando ya valve kuti apange chisindikizo kuti asiye kutuluka.

Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa mphete zosindikizira, pamwamba pake nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba ndi kuwotcherera ndiyeno kukonza malo okhudzana ndi mphete yosindikizira. Kutsirizitsa kwabwino kwa malo okhala ndikofunika kuti musindikize bwino pamene valve yatsekedwa. Mphete zosindikizira nthawi zambiri sizimaganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo la malire chifukwa thupi limakhala ndi makulidwe okwanira kuti athe kupirira kupsinjika kwa kapangidwe popanda kudalira makulidwe a mphete zosindikizira.

Mtundu wa Valve

Tsinde la valve limapereka kayendedwe koyenera ku diski, pulagi kapena mpira kuti atsegule kapena kutseka valve, ndipo ali ndi udindo woyika bwino disk. Imalumikizidwa ndi gudumu lamanja la valve, actuator, kapena lever kumapeto kwina ndi mbali ina ku diski ya valve. Pachipata kapena ma valve a globe, kuyenda kwamtundu wa diski kumafunika kuti mutsegule kapena kutseka valavu, pamene mapulagi, mpira ndi butterfly valves, diski imazungulira kuti mutsegule kapena kutseka valve.

Zitsanzo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira, ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi diski pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi kapena njira zina. Pofuna kupewa kutayikira, m'dera la chisindikizo, kutsirizitsa kwabwino kwa tsinde ndikofunikira.

Pali mitundu isanu ya ma valve:

• Tsinde Lokwera Lokhala Ndi Sikuluu Yakunja ndi Goli
  Kunja kwa tsinde ndi ulusi, pamene gawo la tsinde mu valavu ndi yosalala. Ulusi wa tsinde umasiyanitsidwa ndi sing'anga yoyenda ndi kulongedza tsinde. Mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mapangidwe awa ilipo; imodzi ili ndi gudumu lamanja lomangika ku tsinde, kuti athe kukwera pamodzi, ndipo linalo ndi malaya a ulusi omwe amachititsa kuti tsinde likwere kupyolera mugudumu lamanja. Vavu yamtunduwu imawonetsedwa ndi "O. S. ndi Y." ndi mapangidwe wamba a NPS 2 ndi mavavu akuluakulu.
• Tsinde Lokwera Lokhala Ndi Inside Screw
  The ulusi gawo la tsinde ndi mkati valavu thupi, ndi tsinde kulongedza pamodzi ndi gawo yosalala kuti poyera mumlengalenga kunja. Pankhaniyi, ulusi wa tsinde umalumikizana ndi sing'anga yotaya. Mukazunguliridwa, tsinde ndi gudumu lamanja zimadzuka pamodzi kuti zitsegule valavu.
• Tsinde Losakwera Lokhala Ndi Mkati Screw
  Gawo la ulusi la tsinde lili mkati mwa valavu ndipo silimawuka. Vavu disc imayenda motsatira tsinde, ngati mtedza ngati tsinde lizunguliridwa. Ulusi wa tsinde umawululidwa ku sing'anga yotaya, ndipo motero, umakhudzidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake chitsanzochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene malo ali ochepa kuti alole kusuntha kwa mzere, ndipo sing'anga yothamanga simayambitsa kukokoloka, kuwononga kapena kuphulika kwa tsinde.
• Tsinde lotsetsereka
  Tsinde la vavuli silizungulira kapena kutembenuka. Imalowetsa ndi kutuluka valavu kuti itsegule kapena kutseka valve. Kapangidwe kameneka kakugwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndi ma lever othamanga otsegula ma valve. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma valve olamulira amayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic kapena pneumatic cylinders.
• Mtundu wa Rotary
  Ichi ndi chitsanzo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mpira, pulagi, ndi ma valve a Gulugufe. Kuyenda kwa kotala-kutembenuka kwa tsinde kutsegula kapena kutseka valavu.

Mu Menyu yayikulu "Mavavu" mupeza maulalo azithunzi (zazikulu) za Rising ndi NON Rising Stem valves.

Kupaka tsinde la Vavu

Kuti chisindikizo chodalirika pakati pa tsinde ndi bonnet, gasket ikufunika. Izi zimatchedwa Packing, ndipo zimayikidwa mwachitsanzo zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Gland wotsatira, mkono womwe umakanikiza kulongedza, ndi gland muchotchedwa stuffing box.
• Gland, mtundu wa bushing, umene wothinikizidwa de kulongedza katundu mu stuffing bokosi.
• Stuffing bokosi, chipinda chimene kulongedza ndi wothinikizidwa.
• Kulongedza, kupezeka muzinthu zingapo, monga Teflon®, elastomeric, fibrous material etc..
• Mpando wakumbuyo ndi malo okhala mkati mwa bonati. Amapereka chisindikizo pakati pa tsinde ndi bonnet ndipo amalepheretsa kukakamizidwa kwa dongosolo kuti asamangidwe motsutsana ndi valve pakking, pamene valavu yatseguka. Mipando yakumbuyo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipata ndi ma valve a globe.

Mbali yofunikira ya nthawi ya moyo wa valve ndi msonkhano wosindikiza. Pafupifupi ma valve onse, monga Mpira, Globe, Chipata, Pulagi ndi ma valve a Gulugufe amakhala ndi ma valve awo osindikiza potengera mphamvu yakumeta ubweya, mikangano ndi kung'ambika.

Chifukwa chake, kuyika ma valve kumayenera kuchitika moyenera, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa tsinde ndi kutayika kwamadzi kapena gasi. Pamene kunyamula kuli kotayirira kwambiri, valavu imatuluka. Ngati kulongedzako kuli kolimba kwambiri, kumakhudza kayendetsedwe kake komanso kuwonongeka kwa tsinde.

Thandizo Langizo: 1. Momwe Mungayikitsire Packing Gland

Thandizo Langizo: 2. Momwe Mungayikitsire Packing Gland

Goli la Vavu ndi Mtedza wa Goli

Goli

Goli limagwirizanitsa thupi la valve kapena bonati ndi makina oyendetsa. Pamwamba pa Goli atanyamula mtedza wa Goli, mtedza wa tsinde, kapena tsinde la Goli ndipo tsinde la valve limadutsamo. Goli nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mipata yolola kulowa mu bokosi loyika zinthu, maulalo a actuator, ndi zina zotero. Mwamakhalidwe, Goli liyenera kukhala lolimba kuti lipirire mphamvu, mphindi, ndi torque yopangidwa ndi choyatsira.

Goli Nut

Mtedza wa Goli ndi mtedza wa ulusi mkati ndipo umayikidwa pamwamba pa Goli lomwe tsinde limadutsamo. Mu valavu ya Chipata mwachitsanzo, mtedza wa Goli umatembenuzidwa ndipo tsinde limayenda mmwamba kapena pansi. Pankhani ya ma valve a Globe, mtedza umakhazikika ndipo tsinde limazunguliridwa.

Valve Actuator

Ma valve oyendetsedwa ndi manja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gudumu lamanja lomwe limalumikizidwa ku tsinde la valavu kapena nati ya Goli yomwe imazunguliridwa mozungulira kapena motsata koloko kutseka kapena kutsegula valavu. Ma valve a globe ndi zipata amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa motere.

Ma valve ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, kotala, monga Mpira, Pulagi kapena Gulugufe, ali ndi chowongolera chowongolera valavu.

Pali ntchito zomwe sizingatheke kapena zofunika, kuyendetsa valavu pamanja ndi handwheel kapena lever. Mapulogalamuwa akuphatikiza:

• Ma valve akuluakulu omwe ayenera kuyendetsedwa motsutsana ndi kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic
• Ma valve ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumadera akutali
• Pamene nthawi yotsegula, kutseka, kugwedeza kapena kulamulira pamanja valve ndi yaitali, kuposa momwe zimafunira ndi ndondomeko yopangira dongosolo.

Ma valve awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi actuator.
Woyendetsa mu kutanthauzira kwakukulu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapanga kuyenda kwa mzere ndi kuzungulira kwa gwero la mphamvu pansi pa machitidwe a gwero lolamulira.

Ma actuators oyambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula kapena kutseka kwathunthu valve. Ma actuators owongolera kapena kuwongolera ma valve amapatsidwa chizindikiro choyimirira kuti asunthire pamalo aliwonse apakati. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma actuators, koma awa ndi ena mwa ma valve actuators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• Ma Gear Actuators
• Magalimoto a Electric Motor Actuators
• Pneumatic Actuators
• Ma hydraulic Actuators
• Solenoid Actuators

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Actuators onani Menyu yayikulu "Mavavu"-Ma valve Actuators-

Gulu la Mavavu

Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa magulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, kutengera kayendetsedwe ka makina:

• Linear Motion Valves. Mavavu omwe membala wotseka, monga pachipata, globe, diaphragm, kutsina, ndi kukweza Check Valves, amayenda molunjika kuti alole, kuyimitsa, kapena kutsitsa kutuluka.
• Mavavu a Rotary Motion. Pamene membala wotseka valavu akuyenda njira yozungulira kapena yozungulira, monga gulugufe, mpira, pulagi, eccentric- ndi Swing Check Valves, ma valve amatchedwa ma rotary motion valves.
• Quarter Turn Valves. Ma valve ena oyenda amafunikira pafupifupi kotala, 0 mpaka 90 °, kuyenda kwa tsinde kuti atseguke kuchokera pamalo otsekedwa kwathunthu kapena mosemphanitsa.

Kugawika kwa Ma Valves kutengera Motion

Mavoti a M'kalasi

Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma valve kumasankhidwa ndi nambala zamagulu. ASME B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, ndi Welding End ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Imatanthawuza mitundu itatu ya makalasi: okhazikika, apadera, ndi ochepera. ASME B16.34 imakwirira Class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, ndi 4500 mavavu.

Chidule

Patsamba lino pali zambiri zomwe zimachokera ku mavavu.

Monga momwe mwawonera mu "Mavavu" Menyu yayikulu, mutha kupezanso zambiri zamavavu angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu Petro ndi makampani opanga mankhwala.
Ikhoza kukupatsani chidziwitso, ndikumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve, ndi momwe kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudzira ntchito ya valve. Zidzathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mtundu uliwonse wa valve panthawi yokonzekera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mtundu uliwonse wa valve panthawi yogwira ntchito.