Flanges General

Flange ndi njira yolumikizira mapaipi, ma valve, mapampu ndi zida zina kuti apange mapaipi. Imaperekanso mwayi wosavuta kuyeretsa, kuyang'anira kapena kusinthidwa. Flanges nthawi zambiri amawotcherera kapena kuwotcha. Malumikizidwe opindika amapangidwa pomanga ma flanges awiri ndi gasket pakati pawo kuti apereke chisindikizo.

Zida za Flanges

Mapaipi amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosungunula, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, mkuwa, pulasitiki ndi zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma flanges, monga zopangira ndi mapaipi, pazifukwa zinazake nthawi zina mkati mwake amakhala ndi zigawo zazinthu zamtundu wosiyana kwambiri monga ma flanges okha, omwe ndi "mizere yozungulira".

Zida za flange, zimayikidwa panthawi yosankha chitoliro, nthawi zambiri, flange ndi chinthu chofanana ndi chitoliro.

Ma flanges onse, omwe amakambidwa patsamba lino amagwera pansi pamiyezo ya ASME en ASTM, pokhapokha ngati tawonetsedwa. ASME B16.5 imafotokoza miyeso, kulolerana kwamitundu ndi zina. ndi ASTM za zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Miyeso ya Flanges

Flange iliyonse ASME B16.5 ili ndi miyeso yambiri yokhazikika. Ngati wojambula ku Japan kapena wokonzekera ntchito ku Canada kapena pipefitter ku Australia akulankhula za Welding Neck flange NPS 6, Class 150, Schedule 40 ASME B16.5, ndiye imadutsa pamphepete mwachithunzichi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsedwa. .

Ngati flange yalamulidwa, wogulitsa amafuna kudziwa zakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo ASTM A105 ndi flange yachitsulo ya carbon steel, pamene A182 ndi flange yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chifukwa chake, mu dongosolo lolondola kwa ogulitsa milingo iwiri iyenera kufotokozedwa:

Malumikizidwe a Flange otsekedwa

Kulumikizana kwa bolted flange ndikophatikiza zinthu zambiri (Flange, Bolts, Gaskets, Process, Temperature, Pressure, Medium). Zinthu zonsezi zimalumikizana ndipo zimadalirana kuti zitheke.
Kudalirika kwa mgwirizano wa flanged kumadalira kwambiri pakuwongolera koyenera kwa njira yopangira olowa.

Kugwira mawu kuchokera m'buku la John H. Bickford, "An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints":
Mphamvu yonse yofunika yokhotakhota yomwe imagwirizanitsa pamodzi - ndipo popanda yomwe sipangakhale mgwirizano - sichimapangidwa ndi mlengi wabwino, kapena ndi zigawo zapamwamba. Amapangidwa ndi makanika pamalo ogwirira ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito zida, njira, ndi mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yomwe tamupatsa… Ndipo kupitilira apo: Womaliza, wofunikira wopanga mphamvuyo ndi wamakaniko, ndipo nthawi yolenga ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetse ndondomekoyi.

Makampaniwa azindikira kufunikira kokhazikitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa kwazaka zingapo.
Ku Europe, kutsindika kwakhala pakuwonetsetsa kuti kupangana kumachitidwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso ovomerezeka ndipo izi zapangitsa kuti mulingo waukadaulo waku Europe: TS EN 1591 Gawo 4 lotchedwa "Flanges ndi zolumikizira zawo. Kupanga malamulo a gasketed zozungulira flange malumikizidwe. Kuyenerera kwa luso la ogwira ntchito pagulu la zolumikizira zomangidwa ndi bolt zomwe zimayikidwa pazida zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)".

Muyezowu umapereka njira yophunzitsira ndi kuwunika kwa akatswiri omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopanga ndi kuthyola mafupa a flange ndipo atha kuwonedwa ngati ofanana ndi maphunziro omwe amafunikira kwa ma welder omwe amagwira ntchito yokakamiza. Kusindikiza kwake kukuwonetsa kufunikira komwe kumayikidwa paulamuliro waluso wa njira zopangira limodzi powonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito opanda kutayikira kuchokera ku flange.

Gasket ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zambiri zomwe kulumikizana kwa bolted flange kumatha kutayikira.
Ngakhale zigawo zonse zovuta zokhudzana ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira chimagwira ntchito mogwirizana, chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsogolera ku chipambano kapena kulephera kwa kulumikizidwa kwa bawudi kwa bawutiyo kumayang'aniridwa pakukhazikitsa koyenera ndi njira zophatikizira ndi munthu amene akuyika gasket. . Ngati atachita bwino, msonkhanowo udzakhala wopanda kutayikira kwa moyo womwe ukuyembekezeredwa.