Chii mavhavha?

Mavharuvhu midziyo yemuchina inodzora kuyerera uye kudzvanywa mukati mehurongwa kana maitiro. Izvo zvakakosha zvikamu zvepombi system inoburitsa zvinwiwa, magasi, mhute, slurries nezvimwe.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu dziripo: gedhi, globe, puragi, bhora, shavishavi, cheki, diaphragm, pinch, kudzvinyirira, kudzora mavharuvhu etc. Imwe neimwe yemhando idzi ine nhamba yemhando, imwe neimwe ine maitiro akasiyana uye inoshanda. Mamwe mavharuvhu anoshanda ega asi mamwe nemaoko kana ane actuator kana pneumatic kana hydraulic ari kushanda.

Mabasa kubva kuValves ndeaya:

• Kumisa uye kutanga kuyerera
• Kuderedza kana kuwedzera kuyerera
• Kudzora nzira yekuyerera
• Kudzora kuyerera kana kumanikidza kwemaitiro
• Bvisa pombi system yeimwe pressure

Kune akawanda mavharuvhu magadzirirwo, mhando uye modhi, ane huwandu hwakawanda hwemaindasitiri ekushandisa. Zvese zvinogutsa rimwe kana akawanda emabasa ataurwa pamusoro. Mavharuvhu zvinhu zvinodhura, uye zvakakosha kuti vharafu chaiyo inotsanangurwa yebasa racho, uye inofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaringana zvemvura yekugadzira.

Pasinei nerudzi, mavharuvhu ese ane anotevera zvikamu zvakakosha: muviri, bonnet, trim (yemukati zvinhu), actuator, uye kurongedza. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvevharuvhu zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri kurudyi.

Valve Body

Muviri wevharuvhu, dzimwe nguva unonzi goko, ndiwo muganho wekutanga wevhavha yekumanikidza. Anoshanda sechinhu chikuru chegungano revharuvhu nekuti ndiyo dhizaini inobata zvikamu zvese pamwechete.

Muviri, wekutanga kudzvanywa muganho wevharuvhu, unoramba mitsipa yemvura kubva pakubatanidza pombi. Iyo inogashira pombi yekupinza uye yekubuda kuburikidza neshinda, mabhaudhi, kana akasungwa majoini.

Ivhavha-yemuviri inogumira yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza vharafu kune pombi kana yemidziyo nozzle nemhando dzakasiyana dzekupedzisira dzekubatanidza, senge butt kana socket welded, threaded kana flanged.

Mitumbi yemavharuvhu inokandwa kana kuumbwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine basa chairo uye chakavakwa muchinhu chakakodzera basa iroro.

Bonnet yevhavha

Chivharo chekuvhura mumuviri ibhoneti, uye ndiyo yechipiri yakakosha muganhu wevhavha yekumanikidza. Kufanana nemiviri yevharuvhu, mabhoneti ari mune akawanda magadzirirwo uye mhando dziripo.

Bhoneti rinoita sevhavha pamutumbi wevharuvhu, rinokandwa kana kufodherwa nechinhu chakafanana nemuviri. Inowanzobatanidzwa nemuviri neshinda yakasungwa, yakabhaudhi, kana yakasungwa. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwevharuvhu, zvinhu zvemukati, zvakaita sedzinde, dhisiki zvichingodaro, zvinoiswa mumuviri uye ipapo bhoneti inosungirirwa kuti ibate zvikamu zvese pamwechete mukati.

Muzviitiko zvese, kusungirirwa kwebhoneti kumuviri kunoonekwa semuganho wekumanikidza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti weld joint kana mabhaudhi anobatanidza bhoneti nemuviri zvikamu zvinochengeta zvinomanikidza. Mabhoneti evharuvhu, kunyangwe ari mavharuvhu mazhinji, anomiririra chikonzero chekunetseka. Mabhoneti anogona kuomesera kugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu, kuwedzera saizi yevharuvhu, inomiririra chikamu chakakosha chemutengo wevharuvhu, uye ndiyo inokonzeresa kubuda.

Valve Trim

Iyo inobviswa uye inotsiviwa vharafu yemukati zvikamuidzo dzinosangana neinoyerera dzinonzi pamwe chete seValve trim. Izvi zvikamu zvinosanganisira chigaro chevharuvhu (s), disc, glands, spacers, madhairekitori, bushings, uye zvitubu zvemukati. Muviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti, kurongedza, et cetera izvo zvakare zvinosangana neinoyerera yepakati hazvionekwe sevhavha trim.

A Valve's trim performance inotarwa nedhisiki uye chigaro interface uye hukama hwedhisiki chinzvimbo kune chigaro. Nekuda kweiyo trim, yekutanga kufamba uye kuyerera kwekudzora kunogoneka. Mumadhizaini ekutenderera anotenderera, dhisiki inotsvedza pedyo nepamusoro pechigaro kuti ibudise shanduko mukuyerera kwekuyerera. Mune mutsara inofamba trim madhizaini, dhisiki inosimudza perpendicularly kure nechigaro kuitira kuti annular orifice ioneke.

Valve trim zvikamu zvinogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvivakwa zvinodiwa kumirisana nemasimba akasiyana uye mamiriro. Mabhucha uye matinji ekurongedza haawane masimba akafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu sezvinoita mavharuvhu disc uye zvigaro.

Kuyerera-yepakati zvivakwa, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, kudzvanywa, tembiricha, kuyerera, vheji uye viscosity ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza zvakakodzera trim zvinhu. Cheka zvinhu zvinogona kana kusave zvakafanana nemuviri wevharuvhu kana bhoneti.

API 600 Valve's Trim Nha

Disiki revhavha uye Chigaro (s)

Disk

Iyo disc ndiyo chikamu chinobvumira, throttles, kana kumisa kuyerera, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo. Kana iri plug kana bhora revhavha, disc inonzi plug kana bhora. Iyo dhisiki ndiyo yechitatu inonyanya kukosha yekumanikidza muganho. Nevhavha yakavharwa, full system pressure inoshandiswa pa disk, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, disk inhengo inoenderana nekumanikidzwa.

Madhisiki anowanzo kuumbwa, uye mune mamwe madhizaini, akaomeswa pasi kuti ape zvakanaka kupfeka zvivakwa. Mavharuvhu mazhinji anonzi, magadzirirwo emadhisiki avo.

Chigaro

Chigaro kana zvindori zvechisimbiso zvinopa nzvimbo yekugara ye diski. Vhuru inogona kunge iine chigaro chimwe chete kana kupfuura. Munyaya yepasi rose kana kuti swing-check valve, kazhinji pane chigaro chimwe chete, icho chinoumba chisimbiso ne disc kuti chimise kuyerera. Panyaya yevhavha yegedhi, pane zvigaro zviviri; mumwe kurutivi rwokumusoro uye mumwe kurutivi rwezasi. Disiki revharuvhu regedhi rine nzvimbo mbiri dzekugara dzinosangana nezvigaro zvevharuvhu kuita chisimbiso chekumisa kuyerera.

Kuti uvandudze kupfeka-kupokana kwezvindori zvechisimbiso, nzvimbo yacho inowanzooma-yakatarisana nekuputika uye ipapo machining yekubatana kwepamusoro pechisimbiso mhete. Kupedzwa kwepamusoro penzvimbo yekugara kunodiwa pakuvhara zvakanaka kana valve yakavharwa. Mhete dzechisimbiso hadziwanzo kutariswa kudzvanywa muganho sezvikamu nekuti muviri une madziro akakora akakwana kuti amire kudzvanywa kwedhizaini pasina kutsamira paukobvu hwezvindori zvechisimbiso.

Valve Stem

Iyo tsinde yevharuvhu inopa mafambiro anodiwa kune disc, plug kana bhora rekuvhura kana kuvhara vharafu, uye ine basa rekuisa kwakaringana dhisiki. Iyo yakabatana nevhavha handwheel, actuator, kana lever kune imwe mugumo uye kune rumwe rutivi kune dhisiki yevhavha. Mugedhi kana globe mavharuvhu, mutsara kufamba kwedhisiki kunodiwa kuvhura kana kuvhara vharafu, nepo muplug, bhora uye Butterfly mavharuvhu, disc inotenderedzwa kuvhura kana kuvhara vharafu.

Matanda anowanzo kuumbwa, uye akabatanidzwa kune disk ne threaded kana mamwe maitiro. Kuti udzivise kuputika, munzvimbo yechisimbiso, kupera kwakanaka kwepamusoro kwe stem kunodiwa.

Kune marudzi mashanu emadzinde evharuvhu:

• Rising Stem neKunze Screw uye Joko
  Kunze kwechidzitiro kwakaiswa threaded, ukuwo chikamu chetsinde muvharuvhu chiri kutsetseka. Shinda dzehunde dzakapatsanurwa kubva pakuyerera nepakati nekurongedza. Mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo aya dziripo; rimwe rine vhiri reruoko rakabatanidzwa pahunde, kuti vagone kusimuka pamwe chete, uye imwe ine sleeve ine shinda inoita kuti dzinde risimuke nepakati pechanza. Rudzi urwu rwevharuvhu runoratidzwa ne “O. S. uye Y." dhizaini yakajairika yeNPS 2 uye mavharuvhu makuru.
• Rising Stem neInside Screw
  Chikamu chakarukwa chedzinde chiri mukati memuviri wevharuvhu, uye dzinde rinorongedza pamwe nechikamu chakatsetseka chinoratidzwa kumhepo kunze. Muchiitiko ichi, tambo dzehunde dziri kusangana neinoyerera yepakati. Kana yatenderedzwa, dzinde nevhiri reruoko zvinosimuka pamwechete kuti rivhure vharafu.
• Non Rising Stem ine Inside Screw
  The threaded part of the stem iri mukati mevhavha uye haisimuki. Ivhavha disc inofamba ichitevedza hunde, senzungu kana dzinde rikatenderedzwa. Stem threads dzinoratidzwa kune inoyerera yepakati, uye nekudaro, inoiswa pasi pekukanganisa. Ndosaka iyi modhi ichishandiswa kana nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa kubvumira kufamba kwemutsara, uye kuyerera kwepakati hakukonzeri kukukurwa, kukora kana kubvongodzwa kwezvinhu.
• Sliding Stem
  Iri hunde revharuvhu haritenderere kana kutendeuka. Inotsvedza mukati nekubuda muvharuvhu kuti ivhure kana kuvhara vharuvhu. Iyi dhizaini inoshandiswa mumaoko-inoshanda lever kukurumidza kuvhura mavharuvhu. Inoshandiswawo mukudzora mavharuvhu anoshandiswa ne hydraulic kana pneumatic cylinders.
• Rotary Stem
  Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso unowanzoshandiswa mubhora, plug, uye Butterfly mavharuvhu. Kufamba kwekota-kutendeuka kwedzinde kuvhura kana kuvhara valve.

MuMenu huru "Mavharuvhu" iwe unowana mamwe malink kune akadzama (makuru) mifananidzo yeRising uye NON Rising Stem mavharuvhu.

Valve Stem Packing

Kune chisimbiso chakavimbika pakati pehunde nebhoneti, gasket inodiwa. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti Packing, uye yakarongedzerwa semuenzaniso zvinotevera zvikamu:

• Gland muteveri, sleeve inomanikidza kurongedza, negland mune inodaidzwa kuti stuffing box.
• Gland, rudzi rwebushing, iyo yakamanikidza kurongedza mubhokisi rekuisa.
• Stuffing bhokisi, kamuri umo kurongedza kunomanikidzwa.
• Kurongedza, kunowanikwa mune akati wandei zvinhu, seTeflon®, elastomeric zvinhu, fibrous zvinhu nezvimwe.
• Chigaro chekumashure igadziriro yekugara mukati mebhoneti. Inopa chisimbiso pakati pehunde nebhoneti uye inodzivirira kudzvanywa kwehurongwa kubva pakuvaka kunopesana nevhavha pakking, kana vharuvhu yakavhurika zvizere. Zvigaro zvekumashure zvinowanzoiswa mugedhi uye globe mavharuvhu.

Chinhu chakakosha chenguva yehupenyu hwevhavha ndiyo yekuisa chisimbiso. Anenge ese mavharuvhu, senge Bhora rakajairwa, Globe, Gedhi, Plug uye Butterfly mavharuvhu ane gungano rawo rekuisa chisimbiso zvichienderana neshear force, kukwenya uye kubvaruka.

Naizvozvo kurongedza kwevharuvhu kunofanirwa kuitika nemazvo, kudzivirira kukuvara kune hunde uye mvura kana gasi kurasikirwa. Kana kurongedza kwanyanya kusununguka, valve inodonha. Kana kurongedza kwakanyanyisa, kunokanganisa kufamba uye kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kune stem.

Maintenance Tip: 1. Nzira yekuisa sei Packing Gland

Maintenance Tip: 2. Nzira yekuisa sei Packing Gland

Valve Joko uye Joko Nut

Joko

Joko rinobatanidza muviri wevharuvhu kana bhoneti neiyo actuating mechanism. Kumusoro kweJoko kwakabata joko nati, stem nut, kana Joki bushing uye dzinde revharuvhu rinopfuura nemo. Joko rinowanzova nemazaru ekubvumira kupinda mubhokisi rekuisa, actuator links, nezvimwewo .. Nechimiro, Joko rinofanira kunge rakasimba zvakakwana kuti rimirire masimba, nguva, uye torque yakagadziridzwa neactuator.

Yoke Nut

Joki nzungu (Joke nut) i nzungu ine shinda yemukati uye inoiswa pamusoro peJoko panopfuura dzinde. Muvharuvhu yeGedhi semuenzaniso, joko nati inotenderedzwa uye dzinde rinofamba richikwira kana pasi. Panyaya yeGlobe mavharuvhu, nati inogadziriswa uye hunde inotenderedzwa kuburikidza nayo.

Valve Actuator

Mavharuvhu anofambiswa nemaoko anowanzo iswa vhiri reruoko rakanamirwa pahunde yevharuvhu kana Joke nati inotenderedzwa newachi kana kuti counterclockwise kuvhara kana kuvhura vharafu. Globe nemavharuvhu emagedhi anovhurwa nekuvharwa neiyi nzira.

Mavharuvhu anotenderedzwa nemaoko, senge Bhora, Plug kana Butterfly, ane lever yekumisa vharafu.

Pane zvikumbiro pazvisingagoneke kana kudikanwa, kuita vheji nemaoko neruoko kana lever. Zvikumbiro izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Mavharuvhu mahombe anofanirwa kushandirwa achipikisa high hydrostatic pressure
• Mavharuvhu anofanirwa kushandirwa kubva kunzvimbo iri kure
• Kana iyo nguva yekuvhura, yekuvhara, throttle kana manually kudzora vharuvhu yakareba, kupfuura zvinodiwa nehurongwa-dhizaini maitiro.

Aya mavharuvhu anowanzo kuve ane actuator.
An actuator mune yakafara tsanangudzo mudziyo unoburitsa mutsara uye rotary kufamba kwechitubu chesimba pasi pechiito chenzvimbo yekutonga.

Basic actuators anoshandiswa kuvhura zvakazara kana kuvhara zvizere valve. Mabatiro ekudzora kana kudzora mavharuvhu anopihwa chiratidzo chekumisikidza kuenda kune chero chinzvimbo chepakati. Kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi emagetsi, asi anotevera mamwe eanowanzo shandiswa mavharuvhu actuators:

• Gear Actuators
• Magetsi Motor Actuators
• Pneumatic Actuators
• Hydraulic Actuators
• Solenoid Actuators

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve Actuators ona main Menu "Mavharuvhu"-Valve Actuators-

Kurongwa kweMavharuvhu

Aya anotevera mamwe eanowanzo shandiswa mavharuvhu kupatsanurwa, zvichibva pamagetsi kufamba:

• Linear Motion Mavharuvhu. Mavharuvhu ayo nhengo yekuvhara, senge gedhi, globe, diaphragm, pinch, uye simudza Tarisa Mavharuvhu, inofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka kubvumira, kumisa, kana throttle kuyerera.
• Rotary Motion Mavhavha. Apo nhengo yevharuvhu-yekuvhara inofamba nenzira yekona kana yedenderedzwa, sepa butterfly, bhora, plug, eccentric- uye Swing Check Mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu anonzi rotary inofamba mavharuvhu.
• Quarter Turn Valves. Mamwe mavharuvhu anotenderera anoda chinenge kota kutendeuka, 0 kusvika 90°, kufamba kwedzinde kuti riende kuvhurika zvakazara kubva panzvimbo yakavharwa zvakazara kana zvichipesana.

Kurongeka kwemavharuvhu zvichienderana neMotion

Kirasi Ratings

Kutsikirira-tembiricha ratings mavharuvhu anotarwa nhamba dzekirasi. ASME B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, uye Welding End ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu zviyero. Inotsanangura marudzi matatu emakirasi: akajairwa, akakosha, uye ane mashoma. ASME B16.34 inovhara Kirasi 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, uye 4500 mavharuvhu.

Summary

Pa peji ino panotsanangurwa huwandu hweruzivo rwekutanga kubva kumavharuvhu.

Sezvaungave waona muMenu huru "Mavharuvhu", iwe unogona zvakare kuwana ruzivo nezve akati wandei uye anowanzo shandiswa mavharuvhu muPetro nemakemikari indasitiri.
Inogona kukupa fungidziro, uye kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemisiyano pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu, uye kuti misiyano iyi inobata sei basa revhavha. Ichabatsira kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemhando imwe neimwe yevhavha panguva yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemhando imwe neimwe yevhavha panguva yekushanda.