Flanges General

A flange inzira yekubatanidza mapaipi, mavharuvhu, pombi nemimwe midziyo kugadzira pombi system. Inopawo kuwana nyore kwekuchenesa, kuongorora kana kugadzirisa. Flanges dzinowanzo shinyiwa kana kuti screwed. Majoini akachinjika anogadzirwa nekubatanidza maflange maviri ane gasket pakati pawo kuti ape chisimbiso.

Zvishandiso zveFlanges

Mapaipi flange anogadzirwa mune ese akasiyana simbi, simbi yakakandwa, aruminiyamu, ndarira, bhuronzi, mapurasitiki nezvimwewo asi iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye forged carbon steel uye ine michini nzvimbo.

Mukuwedzera, maflange, semafittings uye mapaipi, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakananga dzimwe nguva mukati akashongedzerwa nematanda ezvigadzirwa zvemhando yakasiyana zvachose semaflange pachawo, ayo ari "mitsetse flanges".

Izvo zvinhu zveflange, zvinonyanya kuiswa panguva yekusarudzwa kwepombi, kazhinji, flange ndeyezvinhu zvakafanana sepombi.

Ese maflange, anokurukurwa pane ino webhusaiti anowira pasi peASME en ASTM zviyero, kunze kwekunge zvaratidzwa. ASME B16.5 inotsanangura mativi, dimensional tolerances etc. uye ASTM hunhu hwakasiyana hwezvinhu.

Zviyero zveFlanges

Imwe neimwe flange ASME B16.5 ine huwandu hweakajairwa zviyero. Kana munhu anodhirowa muJapan kana mugadziri webasa muCanada kana pipefitter muAustralia ari kutaura nezve Welding Neck flange NPS 6, Kirasi 150, Schedule 40 ASME B16.5, yobva yaenda pamusoro peiyo flange iyo pamufananidzo pazasi inoratidzwa. .

Kana iyo flange yakarairwa, mutengesi anoda kuziva mhando yezvinhu. Semuyenzaniso ASTM A105 ndeye forged kabhoni simbi flange, nepo A182 iri forged Stainless simbi flange.

Saka, mukurongeka kwakaringana kune anotengesa zviyero zviviri zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa:

Bolted Flange connections

A bolted flange yekubatanidza isanganiswa yakaoma yezvinhu zvakawanda (Flange, Bolts, Gaskets, process, Temperature, Pressure, Medium). Zvese izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakabatana uye zvinoenderana nemumwe kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakabudirira.
Kuvimbika kwejoint flanged kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekugona kutonga kweiyo joint kugadzira maitiro.

Tichitora kubva mubhuku raJohn H. Bickford, “An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints”:
Izvo zvose zvakakosha clamping force iyo inobata chibatanidza pamwe chete - uye pasina iyo pangadai pasina mubatanidzwa - haina kugadzirwa neakanaka akabatanidzwa mugadziri, kana nemhando yepamusoro zvikamu. Inogadzirwa namakanika panzvimbo yebasa, achishandisa maturusi, maitiro, uye mamiriro ekushanda atakamupa… Uyezve: Wekupedzisira, akakosha musiki wesimba ndiye makanika, uye nguva yekugadzira iri panguva yekuunganidza. Saka zvakakosha kuti isu tinzwisise maitiro aya.

Iyo indasitiri yakaona iyo yakakosha chimiro chekuisa uye kusangana kwemakore akati wandei.
MuEurope, kukoshesa kwave kuri pakuona kuti kugadzirwa kwakabatana kunoitwa nenyanzvi dzakadzidziswa uye dzakatenderwa uye izvi zvakakonzera kuburitswa kweEuropean technical standard: TS EN 1591 Chikamu 4 chakanzi "Flanges nemajoini avo. Kugadzira mitemo ye gasketed denderedzwa flange yekubatanidza. Kukodzera kwehunyanzvi hwevashandi mumusangano wemajoini akasungwa akaiswa kumichina iri pasi pePressure Equipment Directive (PED)”.

Chiyero chinopa nzira yekudzidziswa uye kuongororwa kwevanyanzvi vanobatanidzwa mukugadzira uye kutyora majoini eflange uye inogona kutariswa seyakafanana nekudzidziswa kunodiwa kune mawelder ane chekuita nebasa rekumanikidza chikepe. Kuburitswa kwaro kunoratidza kukosha kwakaiswa pakutonga kwakasimba kwekuita majoini mukuona kusabuda kwekuita kubva kuflange.

Iyo gasket inongova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda kuti bolted flange joint yekubatanidza inogona kudonha.
Kunyangwe kana ese akaomesesa anoenderana-ane hukama zvikamu zveiyo bhoti yejoint flange yekubatanidza inoshanda mukuwirirana kwakakwana, chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha chinotungamira mukubudirira kana kukundikana kweiyo bolted flange yekubatanidza ichave yakapihwa kuisirwa kwakaringana uye maitirwo egungano nemunhu anoisa gasket. . Kana yakaitwa nemazvo, gungano racho rinoramba risina kubvinza kwenguva yehupenyu hunotarisirwa.