Umbhobho wentsimbi kunye neeNkqubo zokuVelisa

Intshayelelo

Ukufika kobuchwephesha bokungqusha kunye nophuhliso lwayo kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kuye kwabhengezwa kushishino lokwenziwa kwetyhubhu kunye nombhobho. Ekuqaleni, imicu yashiti eqengqelekisiweyo yenziwa icandelo lomnqamlezo ojikelezayo ngamalungiselelo e-funnel okanye imiqulu, emva koko i-butt okanye i-lap idityaniswe kubushushu obufanayo (inkqubo ye-welding ye-forge).

Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziye zafumaneka zokwenziwa kwetyhubhu engenamthungo kunye nombhobho, kunye nomthamo wemveliso osanda ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zokuwelda, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa ngakumbi kweendlela ezingenamthungo zakhokelela ekubeni ityhubhu edityanisiweyo iphantse ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwemarike, ngesiphumo sokuba ityhubhu engenamthungo kunye nombhobho wongamele kude kube yiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.

Ngexesha elilandelayo, iziphumo zophando kwitekhnoloji ye-welding zikhokelele ekunyukeni kobutyebi betyhubhu edityanisiweyo, kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso olukhulayo kunye nokusasazwa okubanzi kweenkqubo ezininzi ze-tube welding. Okwangoku, malunga nesibini kwisithathu semveliso yetyhubhu yentsimbi emhlabeni ibalwa ngeenkqubo zokuwelda. Kweli nani, nangona kunjalo, malunga nekota enye ithatha imo ebizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho womgca wobubanzi obukhulu kuluhlu lobukhulu ngaphandle kwalawo asebenzayo ngokwezoqoqosho kwityhubhu engenamthungo kunye nokwenziwa kwemibhobho.

Amagqabantshintshi aseJamani aqaqambile… ngethemba lokuba uyayiqonda into ethethwa sisithethi kwaye siyibonisa (-:

Umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye noMbhobho

Eyona nkqubo yokwenziwa kwetyhubhu engenamthungo yabakho ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Njengoko amalungelo elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye namalungelo obunikazi ephelelwa, uphuhliso olwahlukeneyo olunxuseneyo ekuqaleni luye lwancipha kwaye amanqanaba okwenziwa kwawo adityaniswa kwiinkqubo ezintsha. Namhlanje, imeko yobugcisa iphuhliselwe ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba apho ukhetho lunikezelwa kwezi nkqubo zilandelayo zisebenza kakhulu:

Inkqubo eqhubekayo mandrel rolling kunye nebhentshi push inkqubo kuluhlu ubungakanani ukusuka malunga. 21 ukuya kwi-178 mm ngaphandle kwedayamitha.

I-multi-stand iplagi yokusila (MPM) elawulwayo (enyanzeliswayo) ibha ye-mandrel edadayo kunye nenkqubo yokusila iplagi kuluhlu lobungakanani ukusuka kwi-approx. I-140 ukuya kuma-406 mm ngaphandle kwedayamitha.

Umnqamlezo wokugqobhoza kunye nenkqubo yokuqengqeleka ye-pilger kuluhlu lobungakanani ukusuka kwi-approx. 250 ukuya 660 mm ngaphandle ububanzi.

Inkqubo yeMandrel Mill

KwiNkqubo yeMandrel Mill, umjikelo oqinileyo (billet) usetyenziswa. Ifudunyezwa kwiziko lokufudumeza elijikelezayo ize ihlatywe ngumgqobhozi. I-billet egqojoziweyo okanye iqokobhe eligobileyo liqengqeleka yi-mandrel yokusila ukunciphisa i-diameter yangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga obumba umbhobho womama obude obuninzi. Ityhubhu kamama ifudunyezwa kwakhona kwaye iyancipha ngakumbi kwimilinganiselo echaziweyo ngesinciphisi esilulayo. Ityhubhu ke ipholisiwe, isikwe, yolule kwaye ixhomekeke ekugqityweni nasekuhlolweni kweenkqubo zokuthunyelwa.

* Qaphela: Iinkqubo eziphawulwe ngeenkwenkwezi zenziwa ingcaciso kunye/okanye iimfuno zomthengi

Inkqubo yokusila iplagi yaseMannesmann

IPlug Mill Process, umjikelo oqinileyo (billet) uyasetyenziswa. Ifudunyezwa ngokufanayo kwiziko lokufudumeza iziko elijikelezayo kwaye emva koko ihlatywe ngumgqobhozo waseMannesmann. I-billet ehlatyiweyo okanye iqokobhe eligobileyo liqengqelekisiwe kwidayamitha yangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Ityhubhu eqengqelekayo yatshiswa ngaxeshanye ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngomatshini wokurhoxa. Ityhubhu ephindwe kabini iphinda ilinganiswe ngomlinganiselo wesayingi ukuya kwimilinganiselo ekhankanyiweyo. Ukusuka kweli nyathelo ityhubhu ihamba nge-straightener. Le nkqubo igqiba ukusebenza okushushu kombhobho. Umbhobho (obizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho womama) emva kokugqiba kunye nokuhlolwa, uba ngumveliso ogqityiweyo.

Umbhobho odityanisiweyo kunye noMbhobho

Ukusukela oko kwenzeka ukwenza umcu kunye nepleyiti, abantu bebesoloko bezama ukugoba izinto kwaye baqhagamshele imiphetho yayo ukuze benze ityhubhu kunye nombhobho. Oku kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweyona nkqubo indala yokuwelda, leyo ye-forge-welding, ebuyela emva kwiminyaka eyi-150.

Ngo-1825, umrhwebi wentsimbi yaseBritani uJames Whitehouse wanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokwenza umbhobho odityanisiweyo. Le nkqubo yayiquka ukwenza iipleyiti zentsimbi nganye phezu kwe mandrel ukuvelisa umbhobho ovulekileyo womthungo, kwaye emva koko ukufudumeza imiphetho yokukhwelana komthungo ovulekileyo kunye nokuwawelda ngokuwacinezela kunye ngoomatshini kwibhentshi yokutsala.

Itekhnoloji yavela kwinqanaba apho umcu unokwakheka kwaye udityaniswe kwipasi enye kwiziko lokutshisa. Uphuhliso lwalo mbono we-butt-welding wafikelela kuvuthondaba ngo-1931 kwinkqubo yeFretz-Moon eyilwe nguJ. Moon, umMelika, kunye nogxa wakhe waseJamani uFretz.

Imigca yokuwelda esebenzisa le nkqubo isasebenza ngempumelelo nanamhlanje ekwenziweni kwetyhubhu ukuya kuthi ga ngaphandle kweedayamitha ezimalunga ne-approx. 114 mm. Ngaphandle kobu buchule bokuwelda uxinzelelo olushushu, apho umcu ufudunyezwa eziko ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu le-welding, ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zayilwa yi-American E. Thomson phakathi kweminyaka ye-1886 kunye ne-1890 eyenza ukuba isinyithi sidityaniswe ngombane. Isiseko salo yayiyipropati eyafunyanwa nguJames P. Joule apho ukugqithisa umbane kwi-conductor kubangela ukuba ubushushu ngenxa yokunganyangeki kombane.

Ngo-1898, iNkampani yeSixhobo esiPhakathi, e-USA, yanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza eligquma ukusetyenziswa kokumelana nombane xa kusenziwa imibhobho nemibhobho. Ukuveliswa kombane wokuxhathisa ityhubhu edityanisiweyo kunye nombhobho wafumana ukomelela okubonakalayo eUnited States, kwaye kamva kakhulu eJamani, kulandela ukusekwa kwezixhobo zokusila eziqhubekayo ezishushu zokuvelisa isambuku sokuqala esiyimfuneko kwimveliso emikhulu. Ngexesha leMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi, inkqubo ye-argon arc welding yaqanjwa - kwakhona e-United States-eye yavumela ukuwelda okusebenzayo kwe-magnesium kulwakhiwo lweenqwelomoya.

Njengomphumo wolu phuhliso, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding ze-gas-shielded welding zaphuhliswa, ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kwe-tube yensimbi engenasici. Ukulandela uphuhliso olude oluye lwenzeka kwicandelo lamandla kwiminyaka eyi-30 edlulileyo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwesiphumo esikhulu. -Umthamo wemibhobho yomgama omde, inkqubo ye-welding ye-arc entywiliselweyo ifumene indawo ephezulu yokuwelda umbhobho womgca weedayamitha ukuya phezulu malunga. 500 mm.

Umbane weWeld Pipe Mill

Intsimbi yentsimbi kwikhoyili, eye yanqunyulwa kububanzi obufunekayo ukusuka kumgca obanzi, ibunjwe ngoluhlu lwemiqulu yokwenza iqokobhe lobude obuninzi. Imiphetho ye-longitudinal idityaniswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuxhathisa okuphezulu / ukufakwa kwe-welding.
I-weld yeqokobhe elinobude obuninzi ke intloko iphathwa ngombane, ubukhulu kwaye isikwe kubude obuchaziweyo ngomatshini obhabhayo osikiweyo. Umbhobho osikiweyo uqondiswe kwaye uphindwe kabini kwiziphelo zombini.
Le misebenzi ilandelwa luhlolo lwe-ultrasonic okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.