Ipayipi Lensimbi Nezinqubo Zokukhiqiza

Isingeniso

Ukufika kobuchwepheshe bokugaya nokuthuthuka kwayo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nakho kwamenyezelwa ekwenziweni kwezimboni kwamashubhu namapayipi. Ekuqaleni, amapheshana asongwe eshidi akhiwa abe yisigaba esiphambano esiyindilinga ngamalungiselelo efaneli noma amaroli, bese kuthi izinqe noma i-lap eshiselwe ekushiseni okufanayo (inqubo yokushisela ye-forge).

Ngasekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, kwatholakala izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa kwamashubhu namapayipi angenamthungo, namavolumu okukhiqiza akhula ngokushesha esikhathini esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinqubo zokushisela, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamasu angenamthungo kuholele ekutheni ishubhu elishiselwe licishe likhishwe emakethe, nomphumela wokuthi ishubhu nepayipi elingenamthungo kwabusa kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

Phakathi nenkathi eyalandela, imiphumela yocwaningo kubuchwepheshe bokushisela yaholela ekuphendukeni kwenani leshubhu elishiselwe, nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa okhulayo owalandela kanye nokusakazwa okubanzi kwezinqubo eziningi zokushisela amashubhu. Njengamanje, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokukhiqizwa kwamashubhu ensimbi emhlabeni zibalwa ngezinqubo zokushisela. Nokho, kulesi sibalo cishe ingxenye yesine ithatha uhlobo lwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ipayipi lomugqa wobubanzi obukhulu ngobukhulu ngaphandle kwalawo asebenza kahle ngokomnotho ekukhiqizeni amashubhu namapayipi angenamthungo.

Ukuhlaziya kwesiJalimane kuhle kakhulu...ngethemba ukuthi uyakuqonda okushiwo yisikhulumi nesikubonisayo (-:

I-Seamless Tube kanye nepayipi

Izinqubo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza amashubhu angenamthungo zaba khona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Njengoba amalungelo obunikazi kanye nobunikazi ephelelwa yisikhathi, intuthuko ehambisanayo eyaqalwa ekuqaleni ayizange ihluke kakhulu futhi izigaba zayo zokwakheka ngazinye zahlanganiswa zaba yizinqubo ezintsha. Namuhla, isimo sobuciko sesithuthuke kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho okuthandwayo kunikezwa kulezi zinqubo zesimanje zokusebenza okuphezulu:

I-mandrel eqhubekayo inqubo rolling kanye push ebhentshini inqubo ububanzi usayizi kusuka ngu. 21 kuya ku-178 mm ububanzi obungaphandle.

I-multi-stand plug mill (MPM) enebha ye-mandrel elawulwayo (ephoqelekile) kanye nenqubo yokugaya ipulaki ebangeni likasayizi ukusuka cishe. 140 kuya ku-406 mm ububanzi obungaphandle.

Inqubo yokubhoboza i-cross roll kanye ne-pilger ebangeni losayizi ukusuka ku-approx. 250 kuya ku-660 mm ububanzi obungaphandle.

Inqubo ye-Mandrel Mill

Ku-Mandrel Mill Process, kusetshenziswa umjikelezo oqinile (billet). Ishiswa esithandweni somlilo esijikelezayo bese ibhobozwa umbhobozi. I-billet ebhoboziwe noma igobolondo elingenalutho ligoqeka ngomshini we-mandrel ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi obungaphandle nokuqina kodonga okwakha ishubhu likamama elinobude obuningi. Ishubhu likamama liyashisisa futhi liphinde lehliselwe kubukhulu obucacisiwe ngesinciphisi esilula. Ishubhu libe selipholiswa, liyasikwa, liqondiswe futhi libe ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuqedwa nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

* Qaphela: Izinqubo ezimakwe ngenkanyezi zenziwa ukucaciswa kanye/noma izidingo zekhasimende

Inqubo ye-Mannesmann plug Mill

I-Plug Mill Process, okuyindilinga eqinile (billet) isetshenziswa. Ishiswa ngendlela efanayo esithandweni somlilo esijikelezayo bese ibhobozwa umbhobozi waseMannesmann. I-billet ebhoboziwe noma igobolondo elingenalutho ligoqeka ngobubanzi obungaphandle kanye nokuqina kodonga. Ishubhu eligoqiwe lashiswa kanyekanye ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngomshini odonsayo. Ishubhu elenziwe kabusha libe selilinganiswa ngegayo lokulinganisa libe izilinganiso ezishiwo. Kusukela kulesi sinyathelo ithubhu idlula ku-straightener. Le nqubo iqeda ukusebenza okushisayo kweshubhu. I-tube (okubizwa ngokuthi i-tube yomama) ngemva kokuqeda nokuhlolwa, iba umkhiqizo ophelile.

Ishubhu elishiselwe kanye nepayipi

Selokhu kwenzeka ukukhiqiza i-strip nepuleti, abantu bebelokhu bezama ukugoba izinto futhi baxhumanise imiphetho yayo ukuze benze ishubhu nepayipi. Lokhu kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo yokushisela endala, leyo yokushisela i-forge, ehlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyi-150.

Ngo-1825, umthengisi wensimbi waseBrithani uJames Whitehouse wanikwa ilungelo lobunikazi bokwenza ipayipi elishiselwe. Le nqubo yayihlanganisa ukubumba izingcwecwe zensimbi ngazinye phezu kwe-mandrel ukuze kukhiqizwe ipayipi elinomthungo ovulekile, bese kushisisa imiphetho yokukhwelana yomthungo ovulekile nokuwashisela ngokuwacindezela ndawonye ngomshini ebhentshini lokudonsa.

Ubuchwepheshe buguquke kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho umucu ungakheka futhi ushiselwe endaweni eyodwa esithandweni sokushisela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mqondo wokushisela izinqe kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngo-1931 ngenqubo ye-Fretz-Moon eyaklanywa u-J. Moon, umMelika, kanye nozakwabo waseJalimane uFretz.

Izintambo zokushisela ezisebenzisa le nqubo zisasebenza ngempumelelo nanamuhla ekwenzeni amashubhu afinyelela kumadiayamitha angaphandle angaba ngu-approx. 114 mm. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo yokushisela ingcindezi eshisayo, lapho umugqa ushiswa khona esithandweni ukuze ube nezinga lokushisa lokushisela, ezinye izinqubo ezimbalwa zaklanywa i-American E. Thomson phakathi kweminyaka ka-1886 no-1890 eyenza izinsimbi zishiselwe ngogesi. Isisekelo salokhu kwakuyisakhiwo esatholwa u-James P. Joule lapho ukudlulisa amandla kagesi ku-conductor kubangela ukuba ushise ngenxa yokumelana kwawo nogesi.

Ngo-1898, i-Standard Tool Company, e-USA, yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi elihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokushisela ukumelana nogesi ekwenzeni amashubhu namapayipi. Ukukhiqizwa kagesi ukumelana ashiselwe tube nepayipi wathola umfutho omkhulu e-United States, futhi kamuva kakhulu eJalimane, kulandela ukusungulwa okuqhubekayo hot strip rolling Mills ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ukuqala impahla ezidingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, inqubo yokushisela i-argon arc yasungulwa - futhi e-United States - eyavumela ukushisela okusebenzayo kwe-magnesium ekwakhiweni kwendiza.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, izinqubo zokushisela ezivikelwe ngegesi zathuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi ezokukhiqiza ishubhu lensimbi engagqwali. Kulandela intuthuko efinyelela kude eyenzeke emkhakheni wamandla eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamapayipi amakhulu. -umthamo wamapayipi amabanga amade, inqubo yokushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ithole isikhundla esivelele sokushisela ipayipi lomugqa lamadayamitha ukuya phezulu cishe. 500 mm.

I-Electric Weld Pipe Mill

Umugqa wensimbi oyikhoyili, osikwe waba ububanzi obudingekayo ukusuka kumugqa obanzi, ulondolozwe uchungechunge lwamaroli okwenza igobolondo lobude obuhlukahlukene. Imiphetho ye-longitudinal ihlanganiswe ngokuqhubekayo ukumelana ne-high frequency resistance/induction welding.
Ukushisela kwegobolondo lobude obuningi bese ikhanda liphathwa ngogesi, lilinganiswe futhi lisikwe ngobude obucacisiwe ngomshini ondizayo wokusika. Ipayipi elisikiwe liqondiswe futhi liphindwe kabili emikhawulweni yomibili.
Le misebenzi ilandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic.