Ayini ama-Valves?

Amavaluvu angamadivayisi ayimishini alawula ukugeleza nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwesistimu noma inqubo. Ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yamapayipi ehambisa uketshezi, amagesi, umhwamuko, ama-slurries njll.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve ziyatholakala: isango, imbulunga, ipulaki, ibhola, uvemvane, isheke, i-diaphragm, ingcosana, i-pressure relief, ama-valve okulawula njll. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inenani lamamodeli, ngalinye linezici ezihlukene kanye nekhono lokusebenza. Amanye ama-valve ayazisebenza wona kuyilapho amanye esebenza ngesandla noma nge-actuator noma i-pneumatic noma i-hydraulic.

Imisebenzi evela kuValves yilezi:

• Ukumisa nokuqala ukugeleza
• Yehlisa noma ukhuphule ukugeleza
• Ukulawula isiqondiso sokugeleza
• Ukulawula ukugeleza noma ingcindezi yenqubo
• Ukukhulula uhlelo lwepayipi lokucindezela okuthile

Kunemiklamo eminingi yama-valve, izinhlobo namamodeli, anezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni. Zonke zinelisa umsebenzi owodwa noma eminingi eshiwo ngenhla. Ama-valve ayizinto ezibizayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi i-valve elungile icaciswe umsebenzi, futhi kufanele yakhiwe ngezinto ezifanele zoketshezi lwenqubo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni, wonke ama-valve anezingxenye eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo: umzimba, ibhonethi, ukunquma (izakhi zangaphakathi), i-actuator, nokupakisha. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zevalvu ziboniswa esithombeni esingakwesokudla.

Umzimba weValve

Umzimba we-valve, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi igobolondo, ungumngcele oyinhloko we-valve yokucindezela. Usebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko yomhlangano we-valve ngoba uhlaka olubamba zonke izingxenye ndawonye.

Umzimba, umngcele wokuqala wokucindezela we-valve, umelana nemithwalo yengcindezi yoketshezi ekuxhumaniseni amapayipi. Ithola amapayipi angenayo kanye ne-outlet ngokusebenzisa amalunga anentambo, abhowudiwe, noma ashiselwe.

Iziphetho zomzimba ze-valve ziklanyelwe ukuxhuma i-valve kumapayipi noma imbobo yemishini ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuma ekugcineni, njengezinqe noma isokhethi elishiselwe, elinentambo noma eline-flanged.

Izindikimba zamavalvu zijikijelwa noma zakhiwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi othile futhi yakhiwe ngento elungele lowo msebenzi.

Ibhonethi yevalvu

Isembozo sokuvuleka emzimbeni yibhonethi, futhi iwumngcele wesibili obaluleke kakhulu wevalvu yokucindezela. Njengemizimba yama-valve, amabhonethi akumiklamo namamodeli amaningi atholakalayo.

Ibhonethi isebenza njengesembozo emzimbeni wevalvu, iphonswa noma yenziwe ngendwangu efanayo neyomzimba. Ivamise ukuxhunywa emzimbeni ngelunga elinentambo, eliboshiwe, noma elishiselwe. Ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwevalvu, izakhi zangaphakathi, njengesiqu, idiski njll., zifakwa emzimbeni bese ibhonethi ixhunywa ukuze kuhlanganiswe zonke izingxenye ngaphakathi.

Kuzo zonke izimo, ukunamathiselwa kwebhonethi emzimbeni kubhekwa njengomngcele wokucindezela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ijoyinti yokushisela noma amabhawodi axhuma ibhonethi emzimbeni ayizingxenye ezibamba ingcindezi. Amabhonethi e-valve, nakuba eyisidingo samavalvu amaningi, amelela isizathu sokukhathazeka. Amabhonethi angenza kube nzima ukwakhiwa kwamavalvu, andise usayizi wamavalvu, amele ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zevalvu, futhi awumthombo wokuvuza okungase kube khona.

I-Valve Trim

Izingxenye zangaphakathi zevalvu ezikhiphekayo nezishintshayoezihlangana ne-flow medium zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthiUkunquma i-valve. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa izihlalo ze-valve, i-disc, izindlala, ama-spacers, ama-guide, ama-bushings, neziphethu zangaphakathi. Umzimba we-valve, ibhonethi, ukupakisha, nokunye okubuye kuthinte i-flow medium akubhekwa njenge-valve trim.

Ukusebenza kokunquma kwe-Valve kunqunywa idiski nesixhumi esibonakalayo sesihlalo kanye nokuhlobana kwendawo yediski nesihlalo. Ngenxa ye-trim, ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo nokulawula ukugeleza kungenzeka. Emiklamweni yokusika ejikelezayo, idiski islayida eduze kwesihlalo ukuze ikhiqize ushintsho ekuvulekeni kokugeleza. Emiklamo yokunquma okunyakazayo, idiski iphakamisa i-perpendicularly kude nesihlalo ukuze kuvele i-orifice annular.

Izingxenye zokunquma ama-valve zingakhiwa ngezinto ezihlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukene ezidingekayo ukuze zimelane namandla nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Amabhusha nezindlala ezipakishayo awazitholi amandla nezimo ezifanayo njengoba kwenzeka kuma-valve disc kanye ne(izihlalo).

Izakhiwo zokugeleza eziphakathi nendawo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, izinga lokugeleza, isivinini kanye ne-viscosity ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa ekukhetheni izinto zokunquma ezifanele. Izinto zokusika zingase zibe noma zingabi yimpahla efanayo neyomzimba wevalvu noma ibhonethi.

I-API 600 Valve's Trim No

Idiski yevalvu kanye nezihlalo

Idiski

I-disc yingxenye evumela, i-throttles, noma imisa ukugeleza, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo. Endabeni yepulaki noma i-valve yebhola, i-disc ibizwa ngokuthi ipulaki noma ibhola. Idiski ingumngcele wesithathu obaluleke kakhulu wengcindezi. Njengoba i-valve ivaliwe, ingcindezi yesistimu egcwele isetshenziswa kudiski yonkana, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, idiski iyingxenye ehlobene nokucindezela.

Amadiski ajwayele ukufojwa, futhi kweminye imiklamo, aqinile ukuze anikeze izakhiwo ezinhle zokugqoka. Ama-valve amaningi aqanjwe, ukwakheka kwamadiski awo.

Izihlalo

Isihlalo noma izindandatho zokuvala zinikeza indawo yokuhlala yediski. Ivalvu ingaba nesihlalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Endabeni ye-globe noma i-valve yokuhlola i-swing, ngokuvamile kunesihlalo esisodwa, esakha uphawu nge-disc ukuze kumiswe ukugeleza. Endabeni ye-valve yesango, kunezihlalo ezimbili; enye ibheke phezulu kanti enye ibheke ezansi nomfula. I-disc ye-valve yesango inezindawo zokuhlala ezimbili ezihlangana nezihlalo zamavalvu ukuze zakhe uphawu lokumisa ukugeleza.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa kwezindandatho zophawu, indawo engaphezulu ivamise ukuba nobuso obunzima ngokushisela bese kulungiswa indawo yokuxhumana yendandatho yophawu. Ukuqedwa kahle kwendawo yokuhlala kuyadingeka ukuze kuvalwe kahle lapho i-valve ivaliwe. Izindandatho zophawu ngokuvamile azibhekwa njengezingxenye zomngcele wengcindezi ngenxa yokuthi umzimba unokuqina okwanele kodonga ukuze umelane nengcindezi yedizayini ngaphandle kokuncika ebukhulu bamasongo ophawu.

Isiqu se-Valve

Isiqu se-valve sinikeza ukunyakaza okudingekayo kudiski, ipulaki noma ibhola lokuvula noma ukuvala i-valve, futhi inesibopho sokuma kahle kwediski. Ixhunywe ku-handwheel, i-actuator, noma i-lever ekugcineni futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi kudiski ye-valve. Esangweni noma kumavalvu embulunga, ukunyakaza okuqondile kwediski kuyadingeka ukuze uvule noma uvale ivalvu, kuyilapho kuma-valve epulaki, ibhola kanye ne-Butterfly, idiski iyazungeziswa ukuze ivule noma ivale ivalvu.

Iziqu zivame ukwenziwa ngomgunyathi, futhi zixhunywe kudiski ngokucushwa noma amanye amasu. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza, endaweni yophawu, ukuqedwa okuhle kwesiqu kuyadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zeziqu ze-valve:

• Isiqu Esikhulayo Esinesikulufu Sangaphandle Nejoka
  Ingaphandle le-stem intambo, kuyilapho ingxenye yesiqu ku-valve ibushelelezi. Imicu ye-stem ihlukaniswa ne-flow medium ngokupakishwa kwe-stem. Izitayela ezimbili ezahlukene zale miklamo ziyatholakala; elinye linesondo lesandla elixhunywe esiqwini, ukuze bakwazi ukusukuma ndawonye, ​​kanti elinye linomkhono onentambo obangela ukuthi isiqu sikhuphuke ngesondo lesandla. Lolu hlobo lwe-valve luboniswa ngokuthi “O. S. kanye no-Y.” iwumklamo ovamile we-NPS 2 namavalvu amakhulu.
• Isiqu Esikhulayo Esinesikulufu Sangaphakathi
  Ingxenye enentambo yesiqu ingaphakathi komzimba wevalvu, futhi isiqu sipakisha eduze kwesigaba esibushelelezi esivezwe emkhathini ngaphandle. Kulesi simo, izintambo ze-stem zithintana ne-flow medium. Uma izungezisiwe, isiqu kanye nesondo lesandla kuzophakama ndawonye ukuze kuvulwe ivalvu.
• Isiqu Esingavuki Esinesikulufu Sangaphakathi
  Ingxenye enentambo yesiqu ingaphakathi kwevalvu futhi ayivuki. I-valve disc ihamba eduze kwesiqu, njengenadi uma isiqu siphendukiswa. Izintambo ze-stem zivezwa ku-flow medium, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zingaphansi komthelela. Yingakho le modeli isetshenziswa lapho isikhala sinqunyelwe ukuvumela ukunyakaza komugqa, futhi i-flow medium ingabangeli ukuguguleka, ukugqwala noma ukuhuzuka kwe-stem material.
• Isiqu Esishelelayo
  Lesi siqu se-valve asijikelezi noma asijiki. Ishelela ingene futhi iphume ivalvu ukuze ivule noma ivale ivalvu. Lo mklamo usetshenziswa kuma-valve okuvula ama-lever asebenza ngesandla. Ibuye isetshenziswe kuma-valve okulawula asetshenziswa ngama-hydraulic noma amasilinda womoya.
• Isiqu esijikelezayo
  Lena imodeli evame ukusetshenziswa ebholeni, ipulaki, namavalvu eVemvane. Ukunyakaza kwe-quarter-turn ye-stem vula noma uvale i-valve.

Kumenyu eyinhloko “Amavalvu” uzothola ezinye izixhumanisi eziya ezithombeni ezinemininingwane (ezinkulu) zamavalvu e-Rising kanye ne-NON Rising Stem.

I-Valve Stem Packing

Ukuze uthole uphawu oluthembekile phakathi kwesiqu nebhonethi, i-gasket iyadingeka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Packing, futhi ifakwe isib. izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Umlandeli we-gland, umkhono ocindezela ukupakisha, ngendlala ungene kuleyo ebizwa ngokuthi yibhokisi lokugxusha.
• I-Gland, uhlobo lwesihlahla, olwacindezela ukupakisha ebhokisini lokugxusha.
• Ibhokisi lokugxusha, igumbi lapho ukupakishwa kucindezelwa khona.
• Ukupakisha, kutholakala ezintweni eziningana, njengeTeflon®, impahla ye-elastomeric, impahla ene-fibrous njll.
• Isihlalo sangemuva siyilungiselelo lokuhlala ngaphakathi kwebhonethi. Ihlinzeka ngokuvala phakathi kwesiqu nebhonethi futhi ivimbele ukucindezela kwesistimu ukuthi kungakhi ngokumelene ne-valve pakking, lapho i-valve ivuleke ngokugcwele. Izihlalo ezingemuva zivame ukusetshenziswa emasangweni namavalvu embulunga.

Isici esibalulekile sesikhathi sokuphila kwe-valve umhlangano wokuvala. Cishe wonke amavalvu, njengebhola elijwayelekile, iGlobe, iSango, ipulagi kanye namavalvu e-Butterfly anokuhlanganiswa kwawo okuvaleka okusekelwe phezu kwamandla okugunda, ukungqubuzana nokuklebhuka.

Ngakho-ke ukupakishwa kwe-valve kufanele kwenzeke ngendlela efanele, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesiqu nokulahlekelwa uketshezi noma igesi. Uma ukupakisha kuxege kakhulu, i-valve izovuza. Uma ukupakisha kuqinile kakhulu, kuzothinta ukunyakaza kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ku-stem.

Ithiphu Yesondlo: 1. Ungayifaka Kanjani Indlala Yokupakisha

Ithiphu Yesondlo: 2. Ungayifaka Kanjani Indlala Yokupakisha

Ijoka le-Valve ne-Joke Nut

Ijoka

Ijoka lixhuma umzimba wevalvu noma ibhonethi ne-actuating mechanism. Ingaphezulu leJoka liphethe inadi yeJoka, isiqu, noma isihlahla seJoka futhi isiqu se-valve sidlula kuso. Ijoka livamise ukuba nezimbobo zokuvumela ukufinyelela kwebhokisi lokugxusha, izixhumanisi ze-actuator, njll. Ngokwesakhiwo, iJoka kufanele libe namandla ngokwanele ukuze limelane namandla, izikhathi, kanye ne-torque eyakhiwe i-actuator.

Ijoka Nut

I-Joke nut iyinadi elinentambo ngaphakathi futhi libekwe phezulu kweJoka lapho isiqu sidlula khona. Kuvalvu yeSango isb, i-Joke nut iyaphendulwa futhi isiqu sihamba siye phezulu noma phansi. Endabeni yama-valve e-Globe, inati lilungisiwe futhi isiqu sizungeziswa ngalo.

I-Valve Actuator

Amavalvu asebenza ngesandla ngokuvamile afakwe isondo lesandla elixhunywe esiqwini sevalvu noma i-Joke nut elizungeziswa ngokwewashi noma ngokuphambene newashi ukuze livale noma livule ivalvu. Iglobhu namavalvu esango ayavulwa futhi avalwe ngale ndlela.

Amavalvu asebenza ngesandla, afana nebhola, iplagi noma iButterfly, ane-lever yokucupha ivalvu.

Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kungenakwenzeka noma kufiseleka khona, ukucupha i-valve ngesandla ngesondo lesandla noma nge-lever. Lezi zicelo zihlanganisa:

• Ama-valve amakhulu okufanele asetshenziswe ngokumelene nokucindezela okuphezulu kwe-hydrostatic
• Ama-valve kufanele asetshenziswe endaweni ekude
• Lapho isikhathi sokuvula, ukuvala, ukudonsa noma ukulawula ngesandla i-valve siside, kunalokho okudingwa yi-system-design criteria

Lawa ma-valve ngokuvamile afakwe i-actuator.
I-actuator encazelweni ebanzi iyidivayisi ekhiqiza ukunyakaza okuqondile nokujikelezayo komthombo wamandla ngaphansi kwesenzo somthombo wokulawula.

Ama-actuator ayisisekelo asetshenziselwa ukuvula noma ukuvala ngokugcwele i-valve. Ama-actuator okulawula noma amavalvu alawulayo anikezwa isignali yokuma ukuze aye kunoma iyiphi indawo emaphakathi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zama-actuator, kodwa okulandelayo ngezinye ze-actuator zama-valve ezivame ukusetshenziswa:

• Ama-Actuator eGear
• I-Electric Motor Actuators
• I-Pneumatic Actuators
• Ama-Actuator we-Hydraulic
• I-Solenoid Actuators

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nama-Actuator bona Imenyu enkulu "Amavalvu"-Ama-Actuator e-valve-

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Valves

Okulandelayo ezinye zezigaba zama-valve ezivame ukusetshenziswa, ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni komshini:

• Amavalvu Anyakazayo Alayini. Amavalvu lapho ilungu elivalayo, njengasesangweni, imbulunga, i-diaphragm, incinza, futhi iphakamisa Amavalufu Okuhlola, ehamba ngomugqa oqondile ukuze avumele, amise, noma ampintshe ukugeleza.
• Ama-Rotary Motion Valves. Lapho ilungu lokuvala ama-valve lihamba ngendlela eyi-angular noma eyindilinga, njengakuvemvane, ibhola, ipulaki, i-eccentric- kanye nama-Swing Check Valves, amavalvu abizwa ngokuthi ama-rotary motion valves.
• Amavalvu Wokujika Wekota. Amanye ama-valve anyakazayo adinga cishe ukuphenduka kwekota, 0 kuya ku-90°, ukunyakaza kwesiqu ukuze kuvuleke ngokuphelele endaweni evalwe ngokugcwele noma ngokuphambene nalokho.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Valves ngokusekelwe ku-Motion

Izilinganiso Zekilasi

Izilinganiso zezinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwamavalvu zikhethwa ngezinombolo zekilasi. I-ASME B16.34, iValves-Flanged, Threaded, kanye ne-Welding End ingelinye lamazinga amavalvu asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ichaza izinhlobo ezintathu zamakilasi: ajwayelekile, akhethekile, futhi anomkhawulo. I-ASME B16.34 imboza iClass 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, kanye namavalvu angu-4500.

Isifinyezo

Kuleli khasi kuchazwe inombolo yolwazi oluyisisekelo oluvela kumavalvu.

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile ku-Imenyu enkulu “Amavalvu”, ungathola futhi ulwazi mayelana namavalvu amaningana futhi avame ukusetshenziswa embonini yePetro namakhemikhali.
Ingakunikeza umbono, nokuqonda kahle umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve, nokuthi lo mehluko uwuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wamavalvu. Kuzosiza ekusetshenzisweni okufanele kohlobo ngalunye lwe-valve ngesikhathi sokuklama kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kohlobo ngalunye lwe-valve ngesikhathi sokusebenza.